Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Leaf and Fruit Extracts of the Wild Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Abstract

In this study the leaves and fruits of wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) populations from the central Balkan region were examined to determine the level of secondary metabolites and related antioxidant activity, as well as biological activity, upon existing ethnobotanical evidence, primarily linked to gastrointestinal disorders. The values obtained for total phenols ranged from 59.68 to 96.83 mg GA g-1 and 24.29 to 38.71 mg GA g-1 in leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. The highest values of tannins and anthocyanins were determined for leaf extracts from a population of east Serbia at a level of 1.27 mg mL-1 and 9.00 mg mL-1. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging capacity of the extracts on DPPH. Higher antioxidant activity was detected in the leaf extracts than in the fruit extracts. Leaf and fruit extract were the most effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). Anticancer activity was studied on a human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116. Leaf extracts exhibited anticancer activity with IC50/24 h 162.38 μg mL-1 and IC50/48 h 95.69 μg mL-1. Wild raspberry leaf and fruit extracts contain numerous secondary metabolites providing marked antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity.

Phenolic Composition, Mineral Content, and Beneficial Bioactivities of Leaf Extracts from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa)

“…Many methods are available for determining the antioxidant activity, but the most commonly used one is the DPPH radical assay. Extracts from black currant, raspberry, and aronia leaves have been thoroughly tested for their antioxidant activity [10,11,17,41]. For extracts from black currant leaves, the younger leaves showed a higher antioxidant activity than those collected at later stages of growth [17].…”

“…Table 3 shows a summary of the influence of berry leaf extracts on enzyme activity. Acetylocholinoesterase [25] Elastase [25] Cytotoxic effects HCT-116 [41] HEp2 [44] HL60 [22] SW 480 [44] A-549 [25] HeLa [25] HL60 [18,30] L1210 [18] LS-174T [25] SK-Hep1 [17] Antibacterial activity…”

Phenolics and Carotenoid Contents in the Leaves of Different Organic and Conventional Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Cultivars and Their In Vitro Activity

“…Raspberry ( Rubus ideaus ) is recognized by consumers as a tasty and healthy fruit. Recent research indicates that the leaves of berry plants, such as strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and blackcurrants, are a potential source of bioactive compounds with strong, pro-health, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties [1,2,3,4]. Berry leaves are by-products of berry plant cultivation.…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Potential Food Preserving Properties of Rubus Discolor (Rosaceae) Fruit Extracts

“…2 The genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae), with about 750 species, is one of the most diverse genera among plants. 7 Rubus fruits are a significant source of polyphenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids, flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols and tannins), 2,8,9 carotenoids, 10 and linoleic, linolenic and organic acids. 2,3 Furthermore, blackberries contain a high level of nutrients, particularly vitamins (vitamin C), minerals (magnesium and potassium), sugars, and dietary fibers.…”