Antioxidant and Antipromotional Effects of the Soybean Isoflavone Genistein

Wei, Huachen; Bowen, Ronald; Cai, Qiuyin; Barnes, Stephen; Wang, Yan

doi:10.3181/00379727-208-43844

Cited by 455 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…This triphenolic stilbene has been suggested as a potential chemopreventive agent based on its striking inhibitory effects on diverse cellular events associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression [39]. Resveratrol is an effective scavenger of superoxide and peroxynitrite radicals generated from enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems [120], and it exerts protective effects against DNA damage caused by hydrogen peroxide [3,27,41] and peroxynitrite [41]. Resveratrol also exerts a strong effect on superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide produced by macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol ester.…”

Section: Resveratrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention

2006

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Abstract.Oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology associated with neoplasia, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The ROS-induced development of cancer involves malignant transformation due to altered gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms as well as DNA mutations. Considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring antioxidative phenolic phytochemicals that are able to decrease ROS levels, but the efficacies of antioxidant therapies have been equivocal at best. Several studies have shown that some antioxidants exhibit prooxidant activity under certain conditions and potential carcinogenicity under others, and that dietary supplementation with large amounts of a single antioxidant may be deleterious to human health. This article reviews the intracellular signaling pathways that respond to oxidative stress and how they are modulated by naturally occurring polyphenols. The possible toxicity and carcinogenicity of polyphenols is also discussed.

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Section: Resveratrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention

2006

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“…These compounds also inhibit the activity of a number of enzymes (Adlercreutz et al, 1993a;Evans et al, 1995;Makela et al, 1995a). Isoflavones have antioxidant activity (Wei et al, 1995), which in vivo has been shown to reduce the susceptibility of lipids to oxidation (Jenkins et al, 2000;Kapiotis et al, 1997;Ruiz-Larrea et al, 1997;Sheiber et al, 1999;Tikkanen et al, 1998) contributing to the overall cardio-protective effects of soy protein by favorably influencing lipid homeostasis (Anderson et al, 1995;Crouse et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Animal Models Impacted by Phytoestrogens in Commercial Chow: Implications for Pathways Influenced by Hormones

Brown

Setchell

2001

Laboratory Investigation

273

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SUMMARY:It is generally not known that most commercial rodent diets are formulated with soy protein and deliver large daily doses of isoflavones to animals throughout their lifespan, including the in utero period. Here, we demonstrate that isoflavones are bioavailable and show that commercial rodent diets universally used by animal facilities lead to very high steady-state serum isoflavone concentrations in adult rats (2613 Ϯ 873 ng/mL) and mice (2338 Ϯ 531 ng/mL), exceeding the animal's endogenous estrogen level by 30,000-to 60,000-fold. We demonstrate the maternal-fetal intrauterine transfer of isoflavones in animals fed a standard Purina 5001 soy-containing diet and show that newborn rat pups have high serum isoflavones levels (540 Ϯ 174 ng/mL) that are maintained throughout the suckling period by passage of isoflavones into maternal milk. These findings have profound implications for all animal experiments, including multigenerational studies and studies of transgenic animals, especially if biochemical or morphological end-points are influenced by the hormonal or nonhormonal properties of phytoestrogens. These compounds have the potential to modulate genotypic and phenotypic expression in general, and therefore, all investigators should be vigilant to the phytoestrogen composition of commercial rodent diets because there is a history of potent biological effects in larger animals and in humans from high circulating isoflavone concentrations. (Lab Invest 2001, 81:735-747).A lthough phytoestrogens are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, it is soybeans and foods made with purified soy proteins that are by far the greatest contributors of isoflavones to animal and human diets (Coward et

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“…Genistein is also an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase 82 , which may be an integral part of its differentiation-inducing properties. It is also an antioxidant 83 , and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines in vitro 84 . Furthermore, genistein also has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects on vascular endothelial cells in vitro 85 , leading to the hypothesis that its antiangiogenic properties may be responsible for the relatively indolent nature of breast carcinomas in Asian women.…”

Section: Anticancer Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health potential of soy isoflavones for menopausal women

Anderson¹,

Anthony

Cline

et al. 1999

Public Health Nutr.

143

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Objective: To review the current literature on the effects of soy isoflavones, one class of phyto-oestrogens, on cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cancer and climacteric symptoms. Design: Many study designs were employed in the reports reviewed here, including prospective human trials, observational human studies, animal experiments and in vitro cell studies that explored the protective or preventive effects of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein alone or mixed). Setting: Diverse settings were employed, depending on study design. Subjects: Human subjects, mostly menopausal or postmenopausal, were included, as were animal models and specific cell types. Results: The findings were: (i) isoflavones plus soy protein together were needed to obtain the highly significant beneficial results on blood lipids and arterial dimensions; (ii) isoflavone treatments alone at high doses (relative to above) consistently improved bone parameters in rodent ovariectomized models, but not in humans or primates; (iii) isoflavones were not consistent in exerting positive effects regarding the prevention or treatment of cancers of the mammary glands, uterus and colon; and (iv) the effects of isoflavones on climacteric symptoms were not clear-cut. Conclusions:The promise of soy isoflavones reducing chronic disease risk seems to be non-uniform, with the most conclusive benefits occurring in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but other organ systems, such as skeletal and reproductive tissues, may also benefit from the consumption of soy and soy-derived products. Phyto-oestrogenic molecules have received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of their potentially preventive roles against a few of today's most prevalent chronic diseases, namely, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and hormone-related cancers 1,2 . The particular plant molecules of interest are isoflavones, which are found in abundance in soybeans and their derivative foods, such as tofu, miso and others. Of the several isoflavones that are made by soybeans, genistein, in particular, has been experimentally shown to be the most efficacious in human subjects and animal models. For the last several years, a concerted effort has been mounted to identify alternatives to traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Pharmaceutical companies have been developing selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which ideally will provide the beneficial effects of oestrogen replacement for bones, cardiovascular system and cognitive function, without adverse effects on breast and endometrial cancer. As a result, SERMs should not require co-administration with a progestin, which can eliminate the side effects that some women experience with that hormone. The first molecules of this new class of drugs to become available are tamoxifen and raloxifene, which exhibit many, but not all, of the qualities of an ideal HRT. Many consumers would also prefer to avoid synthetic molecules in favour of natural products. Soy phytooestrogens, na...

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Antioxidant and Antipromotional Effects of the Soybean Isoflavone Genistein

Cited by 455 publications

References 0 publications

The roles of polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention

The roles of polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention

Animal Models Impacted by Phytoestrogens in Commercial Chow: Implications for Pathways Influenced by Hormones

Health potential of soy isoflavones for menopausal women

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