Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing of Biosynthetic Gold Nanoparticles Using Mangosteen (G. Mangostona)

Abstract

In current research, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles was achieved via reducing of gold ions in aqueous solution with Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) peel extract. The optimum concentration of gold (Au) solution, concentration ratio of Au solution and extract, temperature, time and pH, the synthesized AuNPs (G. mangostana-gold nanoparticles) were studied by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, AAS, AFM, SEM and Zitasizer. The absorbance peak is noticed between 535-550 nm via UV-Vis spectroscopic method. The SEM, AFM analysis were proofed the particle as spherical in structure and their size between 15-100nm. Therefore, mechanism of AuNPs synthesis had been suggested. Also, the antibacterial activity was examined using different bacteria as well as free radical scavenging activity was tested using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The AuNPs produced through biosynthesized method indicated a much elevated antioxidant activity as compared to peel extract of G. mangostana. Toxicity of the NPs and extract were tested via giving orally dose 50 mg/b.w. to mice. Diagnosis of the data (pathological changes) indicated that the AuNPs was non-toxic. The G. mangostana peel extract and AuNPs synthesized by this extract were converted to a cream and used as a wound healing cream. As a results, the AuNPs exhibited important role in wound healing progression compared to control, which may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this research confirms its important use of AuNPs and can be utilized as promising agents for in the development of new drugs.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Nanostructures Derived from Garcinia mangostana L. Leaf Extract

“…Compared with mangosteen leaf extract, the peak at 3410 cm −1 was shifted to 3400–3436 cm −1 , 1619 cm −1 was shifted to 1617–1636 cm −1 , 1375 cm −1 was shifted to 1384 cm −1 , 1203–1105 cm −1 were shifted to 1192–1096 cm −1 and 1062 cm −1 was shifted to 1046–1048 cm −1 , respectively, in synthesized CuO NPs. The shifting of peaks indicate the involvement of mangosteen leaf extract phytochemicals in reducing, capping and stabilizing agents [ 32 , 54 , 66 , 73 , 74 ] in synthesized CuO NPs through electrostatic and steric stabilization [ 75 ]. Meanwhile, the peaks remain unchanged, showing the suggested phytochemicals functional groups were responsible for stabilizing NPs [ 32 ].…”

“…It belongs to the Clusiacae family [ 47 , 48 ], and mangosteen has been described as the “fruit queen” due to its incomparable flavor and aroma [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. The mangosteen contains large amounts of phenolics and antioxidants [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Mangosteen leaves especially contain large amounts of 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone and 1, 6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buthenyl)-xanthone [ 56 ].…”

“…Mangosteen leaves especially contain large amounts of 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone and 1, 6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buthenyl)-xanthone [ 56 ]. Therefore, mangosteen is reported as having various different medical benefits, such as antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-plasmodial, immunity increasing, hepatoprotective functioning, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and anti-leukemic [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 ] properties. The presence of polyphenolic compounds plays an important role in capping, stabilizing and reducing agents in green synthesizing NPs.…”

Impact of Diverse Parameters on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide–Copper Oxide Nanocomposites Derived from an Aqueous Extract of Garcinia mangostana L. Leaf

“…The phytochemicals present in the mangosteen leaf aqueous extract, such as xanthones, flavonoids and terpene [30][31][32][33], were responsible for the observed functional groups. These compounds played a crucial role as capping, stabilizing and reducing agents during the green synthesis of ZnO-CuO NCs, primarily through electrostatic and steric stabilization mechanisms [32,44]. The vibration of the CuO and ZnO bonds was supported by previous studies [4][5][6]40,45,46].…”

“…Mangosteen is a seasonal fruit in the Clusiacae family and is commonly found in tropical countries [25][26][27][28][29]. It contains numerous phytochemicals, such as xanthones, flavonoids and terpene [30][31][32][33], which have the potential to form stable colloidal nanomaterials.…”