Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antihypertensive Properties of Echinacea purpurea Flower Extract and Caffeic Acid Derivatives Using In Vitro Models

Abstract

The extraction yield, total phenols, caffeic acid derivatives (CAD), and antioxidant properties of 50% ethanolic Echinacea purpurea flower extract were determined. The in vitro inhibitory effects of 50% ethanolic extract and CAD on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) linked with type 2 diabetes were also investigated. The extraction yield, total phenols, and total CAD of the extract were 27.04%, 195.69 mg CAE/g and 78.42 mg/g, respectively. Cichoric acid (56.03 mg/g) was the predominant CAD compound in the extract. The extract exhibited good antioxidant properties. The extract and CAD inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the tested samples, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid (IC of 1.71-1.81 mg/mL) had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, cichoric acid (IC of 0.28 mg/mL) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Both chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid (IC of 0.11-0.14 mg/mL) demonstrated higher ACE-inhibitory activity. The in vitro results suggest that E. purpurea extract and CAD have good potential for managing hyperglycemia and hypertension. Overall, the data suggest it is a choice for developing antihyperglycemia and antihypertension compounds from field-grown E. purpurea.

Antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai ethanol extract and related phenolic acid constituents against human coronavirus NL63

“…Interestingly, HCoV-NL63 has been demonstrated to utilize the heparan sulfate proteoglycans as the co-receptor for attachment to target cells (Milewska et al, 2014). Caffeic acid has also been identified to exhibit a high inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (Chiou et al, 2017); docking studies revealed that caffeic acid also presented the good docking score with the hydrogen bond interactions with the residues in the activity site of ACE2 (Zozimus Divya Lobo et al, 2017). Thus, the inhibitory mechanism of caffeic acid on HCoV-NL63 attachment and infection to cells might be due to that caffeic acid directly target and interfere the binding interaction of HCoV-NL63 with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (co-receptor) and ACE2 (receptor) on cell surface.…”

The effects of caffeine, caffeic acid, and their combination on acetylcholinesterase, adenosine deaminase and arginase activities linked with brain function

“…Despite the fact that caffeic acid is abundantly present in coffee, it is chemically unrelated to caffeine (Higdon & Frei, ; Omar et al, ). It has been reported that caffeic acid has a number of pharmacological activities—antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory properties (Challis & Bartlett, ; Chan & Ho, ; Chiou, Sung, Huang, & Lin, ; Gulcin, ). Dokuyucu et al () reported the attenuating effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester with intralipid on hepatotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in rats while Habtemariam (in press) reported the protective effects of caffeic acid on the Alzheimer's brain.…”

Echinacea purpurea Extract Affects the Immune System, Global Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome in Wistar Rats

“…Echinacea purpurea Moench (E. purpurea) is an indigenous medicine of the native American Indians and Europeans with multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, antiproliferative, antihypertensive and immunomodulation effects for hundreds of years (Aarland et al, 2017;Chiou et al, 2017;LaLone et al, 2007). This medicinal plant was also used as food supplements in infectious diseases in children, old people and animals in North America and Europe (Ayrle et al, 2016).…”