Antioxidant Properties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds and their Effect on the Liver of Alcohol-Treated Rats

Abstract

Amaranth constitutes a valuable pseudocereal, due to its nutritional quality and its nutraceutical properties, which contribute to improve human health. This work evaluated the effect of a diet based on Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Ah) seed on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver of rats sub-chronically exposed to ethanol. The seed extract was investigated for antioxidant capacity in vitro, showing an adequate content of total phenols and antioxidant activity elevated. For in vivo assays, four groups of six rats each were fed with an AIN-93 M diet for 28 days. In groups III and IV casein was replaced by Ah as the protein source; groups II and IV were received ethanol in the drinking water (20% v/v). When comparing groups IV and II, the following was observed: significant decrease in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and content of malondialdehyde (p<0.001) in serum; decrease of malondialdehyde and increase in the activity and gene expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, also, decrease in the NADPH oxidase transcript levels (p<0.05) in liver. Our data suggest that Ah is a good source of total phenols and exerts a protective effect in serum and in liver of rats intoxicated with ethanol.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Germinated and Fermented Mung Bean on Ethanol-Mediated Liver Damage

“…In addition, prolonged exposure to ethanol has been shown to increase the level of TNF- α , a proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn can trigger other inflammatory chemokine, explicitly, NO. Decrease in antioxidant defense and elevation of serum markers such as AST, ALT, TG, and cholesterol were also observed [4, 33]. Furthermore, numerous studies have reported the association of antioxidant in the protection against oxidative liver injury [5, 34, 35].…”

“…Natural sources of antioxidantssuch as green tea has been reported to increase the level of SOD and FRAP in cytoplasm of rat's liver which reverted the injury effect close to normal [7]. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins have been suggested to exert strong antioxidant activity, which contribute to the protective effect of against liver injury in rats [4, 7]. …”

Study of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and DNA-Damage Protection Properties of Some Indian Medicinal Plants Reveal their Possible Role in Combating Psoriasis

“…Chaulai Amaranthaceae Seeds Improves skin quality; retards aging of skin, prevents development of wrinkles and damage due to harsh environment; oil used in dermatic diseases including herpes, non-healing ulcers, burns, dry eczema, dermatitis, mycosis, burns; rich source of vitamin E and vitamin C thus good for skin growth; possess antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties López et al 2011;Iqbal et al, 2012 Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.…”

Brewers’ Rice: A By-Product from Rice Processing Provides Natural Hepatorenal Protection in Azoxymethane-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

“…The liver is a critical organ that plays an essential role in metabolism, storage, and excretion of metabolites. Several hepatotoxins contribute to liver damage, including ethanol, paracetamol, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) [ 1 , 2 ]. Azoxymethane (AOM) is an active metabolite of the colon-specific carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) that effectively induces colon tumors in susceptible rodents.…”

“…Polyphenols and flavonoids possess strong antioxidant activities and are demonstrably protective against liver injury in rats [ 2 , 8 ]. Brewers' rice, known locally as temukut , consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ and accounts for nearly 1% of total rice.…”