Antiproliferative Effects of Short-chain Fatty Acids on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via Gene Expression Inhibition

Abstract

Background/Aim: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) inhibit human colorectal cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity. We investigated the mechanism of the anti-proliferative effects of SCFAs on human colorectal cancer cells by examining their effects on gene expression. Materials and Methods: The DLD-1 cell line was cultured with different SCFAs. Gene groups whose expression levels decreased to <50% or increased >50% compared to untreated cells and the signalling pathways responsible for DLD-1 cell growth inhibition were identified and analyzed. Results: Genes whose expression levels decreased to ≤50% (791 genes) showed remarkable changes in gene function compared to genes whose expression levels increased ≥50%. These genes encode proteins involved in DNA replication and cell cycle/proliferation that contribute to major pathways responsible for suppression of colorectal carcinogenesis pathways. Conclusion: SCFAs inhibited the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in DNA replication and cell cycle/proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and exerted antiproliferative activity via different pathways.

The Application of Solid State Fermentation for Obtaining Substances Useful in Healthcare

“…Another group of bioactive compounds which was shown to hold anticancer activity is polyphenols [84,85]. The following substances occurred in cited reviews and studies that we summarised in Table 1: cinnamic acids [22], daidzein and genistein [86], quercetin [35,87], and tannins [34]. Since authors of cited research papers ( Table 1) did not test obtained extracts against those properties, we did not discuss that phenomenon.…”

“…This phenomenon took place due to the enhancement of cell apoptosis and suppression of protein responsible for preventing the apoptosis. The value of that research is particularly significant because so far, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) attracted most attention in the context of colorectal cancer [87].…”

An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics

“…Prebiotics have been reported to have different activities; for example, generation of bacteriocins, maintenance of gut health [133], possibility to be used as food additive and starter culture, clearance of cholesterol [134,135], potentiation of immune defense [136], inhibition of constipation and risk of obesity [137,138], inhibition of colitis [139], protection of colon and other organs against cancer [140][141][142], reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors, antioxidant activity [143,144], over-bioavailability [145]. According to scientific published data, the administration of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OEI) promotes malondialdehyde content, lipid profile, glycemic indices, and antioxidant level in female patients suffering from type II diabetes [146].…”

“…The administration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) prevented the expression of genes involved in human colorectal cancer cells [142] Blueberry anthocyanins Antioxidant effect…”

Development of Clostridium tyrobutyricum as a Microbial Cell Factory for the Production of Fuel and Chemical Intermediates From Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

“…Butyric acid (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H) is a short-chain VFA with biotechnological applications in diverse industrial sectors, including: pharmaceutical, chemical, textile, plastic, food, beverage, cosmetics, dairy, and biofuel industries. From a pharmaceutical perspective, butyric acid and numerous derivative molecules have been found to display properties suitable for cancer therapeutics and vasoconstrictor drugs (Leavitt et al, 1978;Chen and Breitman, 1994;Rephaeli et al, 2000;Hamer et al, 2008;Ohara and Suzutani, 2018;Ohara and Mori, 2019). Furthermore, butyric acid demonstrates net positive benefits in the therapy of gastrointestinal diseases (Borycka-Kiciak et al, 2017).…”