Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Viola betonicifolia whole plant

Abstract

BackgroundPyrexia, algesia and inflammation are associated with several pathological conditions. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of these conditions cause multiple unwanted effects. Several studies are ongoing worldwide to find natural healing agents with better safety profile. The current study was thus aimed at evaluating antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of whole plant of V. betonicifolia (VBME).MethodsVBME was employed to assess antipyretic activity in yeast induced hyperthermia. Analgesic profile was ascertained in acetic acid induced writhing, hot plat and tail immersion test. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory activity was tested in carrageenan induced paw edema and histamine induced inflammatory tests. BALB/c mice were used at test doses of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg body weight intra peritoneally (i.p).ResultsIn yeast induced pyrexia, VBME demonstrated dose dependently (78.23%) protection at 300mg/kg, similar to standard drug, paracetamol (90%) at 150mg/kg i.p. VBME showed a dose dependent analgesia in various pain models i.e. acetic acid, hot plat and tail immersion having 78.90%, 69.96% and 68.58% protection respectively at 300mg/kg. However, the analgesic action of VBME was completely antagonized by the injection of naloxone like opiate antagonists. Similarly carrageenan and histamine induces inflammation was significantly antagonized by VBME, 66.30% and 60.80% respectively at 300mg/kg.ConclusionsIt is concluded that VBME has marked antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in various animal models and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses of Viola betonicifolia as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory plant.

Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Allophylus Cobbe</i> Leaves

“…Carrageenan model of inflammation is also said to be biphasic. Generally, in the first phase, histamine, serotonin and kinnins are released and form nonphagocytic edema in the first hour while the second phase is attributed to the release of prostaglandins and lysosome enymes in the second to the third hour (Khan et al, 2009;Muhammad et al, 2012). The second phase is sensitive to most clinically effective anti-inflammatory drugs (Muhammad et al, 2012).…”

“…Generally, in the first phase, histamine, serotonin and kinnins are released and form nonphagocytic edema in the first hour while the second phase is attributed to the release of prostaglandins and lysosome enymes in the second to the third hour (Khan et al, 2009;Muhammad et al, 2012). The second phase is sensitive to most clinically effective anti-inflammatory drugs (Muhammad et al, 2012). The results of present study indicate that the extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the 3rd h of study and the finding was comparable to that of the standard diclofenac sodium.…”

Antipyretic and anticonvulsant activity of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia

“…Animals that developed a minimum increase of 0.5 °C or more in temperature were selected for the experiment. The prescreened animals served as control were arranged in groups (n=6) and treated with saline (10 mL/kg), extracts (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), or paracetamol (150 mg/kg), were used as a standard drug [7] . After drug treatment, the rectal temperature of each animal was again recorded at 1-h interval up to 5 h. The resulting data were used for the calculation of percentage reduction in rectal temperature.…”

“…In our earlier studies, the crude methanolic extract as well as the subsequent solvent fraction of V. betonicifolia was tested for various pharmacological activities [5][6][7] . Regarding the phytochemical profile, the plant contains saponins, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, and phenolic compounds [5,7] .…”

“…Regarding the phytochemical profile, the plant contains saponins, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, and phenolic compounds [5,7] . Additionally, a new bioactive cinnamic acid derivative has also been isolated [8] .…”