Aortic thrombosis in dogs: Presentation, therapy, and outcome in 26 cases

Winter, Randolph L.; Sedacca, Cassidy D.; Adams, Allison K.; Orton, E. Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.02.008

Cited by 59 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…Um dos motivos a ser considerado para as baixas casuísticas é provavelmente a falta ou diagnóstico equivocado, pois a apresentação clíni-ca e a patogênese da doença em cães diferem daquelas que ocorrem em felinos (Winter et al 2012), além de ser uma doença pouco comentada na espécie em questão.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Sendo mais interessante considerar tratamento com fármacos anti-coagulantes em pacientes que ainda apresentam deambulação (Winter et al 2012), já que em muitos casos ainda pode existir algum fluxo sanguíneo através ou ao redor do trombo (Lake- Bakaar et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A isquemia pode causar paresia ou paralisia tanto em felinos (Smith et al 2003, Smith & Tobias 2004) como em caninos (Boswood et al 2000, Winter et al 2012. Em felinos a fisiopatologia está relacionada, principalmente, à doença cardíaca em que um trombo se forma no lado esquerdo do coração e dele se desprende um tromboêmbolo que causa a obstrução aórtica (Smith & Tobias 2004).…”

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“…Em felinos a fisiopatologia está relacionada, principalmente, à doença cardíaca em que um trombo se forma no lado esquerdo do coração e dele se desprende um tromboêmbolo que causa a obstrução aórtica (Smith & Tobias 2004). Em caninos é uma afecção considerada rara (Winter et al 2012) e são reconhecidas diversas doenças que podem predispor à trombose e ao tromboembolismo aórtico como hiperadrenocorticismo, glomerulopatias graves, doença cardíaca, neoplasma (Van Winkle et al 1993, Boswood et al 2000, Gonçalves et al 2008) e ainda mecanismos locais de formação de trombo (Lake-Bakaar et al 2012, Winter et al 2012.…”

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Neuromiopatia isquêmica em cinco cães (2008-2016)

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de cinco cães com neuromiopatia isquêmica secundária a trombose ou tromboembolismo aórtico. Os cães eram fêmeas, com idade ≥11 anos, que apresentavam paraplegia (80%) ou monoplegia (20%) de membro pélvico. Em 40% dos casos (n=2) foi relatada claudicação previamente à disfunção motora. Os principais achados clínicos foram ausência de pulso femoral uni ou bilateral, extremidade de membros pélvicos frias, dor muscular acima da articulação do joelho e ausência de nocicepção (dor profunda) nos dígitos dos membros pélvicos.Quatro cães foram submetidos à eutanásia devido ao prognóstico desfavorável e um veio a óbito em menos de 24 horas de internação. Na necropsia foi encontrada alteração cardía-ca em três cães, neoplásica em um e, sem causa determinante em outro caso. Os trombos estavam localizados na aorta abdominal e se estendiam até as artérias ilíacas. Mesmo sendo baixa a incidência, a neuromiopatia isquêmica deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de cães com claudicação, paraparesia ou paraplegia uni ou bilateral, quando os sinais neurológicos são compatíveis com lesão de neurônio motor inferior (L4-S3) e de evolução aguda ou crônica. A avaliação do pulso femoral digital e/ou por doppler vascular deve ser empregada e pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da doença evitando que os animais iniciem tratamento para outras afecções. This study aimed to present epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological data of five dogs with ischemic neuromyopathy secondary to aortic thrombosis or thromboembolism. The dogs were females, with eleven years of age or more, that had paraplegia (80%) or hind limb monoplegia (20%). Forty percent of the cases (n=2) had lameness previously the motor disfunction. The main clinical findings include absence of unilateral or bilateral femoral pulse, cool hind limbs extremities, muscle pain above the knee joint and absence of nociception (deep pain) on the hind limbs digits. Four dogs were euthanized due to the poor prognosis, and the last one died within 24 hours of hospital admission. The necropsy findings were cardiac lesions in three dogs, neoplastic disease in one, and unknown cause on the other. The thrombi were located on the abdominal aorta, extending to the iliac arteries. Even with low incidence, the ischemic neuromyopathy should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with lameness, paraparesis, or unilateral or bilateral paraplegia, when neurological signs are compatible with lower motor neuron lesion (L4-S3) and acute or chronic progression. The digital and/or vascular doppler evaluation of the femoral pulse must be used and can assist on the disease diagnosis, avoiding treatments for other illnesses.

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Neuromiopatia isquêmica em cinco cães (2008-2016)

et al. 2017

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“…Compared to the syndrome in cats, it typically results in less severe clinical signs and is more enigmatic in etiology. Treatment approaches for canine ATE, including thrombolytic therapy and rheolytic thrombolysis, have been described; however, to the authors' knowledge this report is the first description of open surgical removal of an aortic thrombus [1][2][3][4][5]. An additional novel feature of this report is the development of canine ATE secondary to pancreatitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Removal of a Canine Aortic Thromboembolism Secondary to Pancreatitis

Narak

Graff

Saile

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A 7-year-old castrated male Pomeranian was evaluated on emergency for diagnostic work-up and treatment for acute nonpainful paraparesis. The neurologic examination suggested a L4-S3 myelopathy, but physical examination revealed lack of femoral pulses and rectal hypothermia, as well as a grade II/VI systolic heart murmur, so ischemic neuromyopathy was suspected. Clinicopathologic analysis revealed increased muscle enzymes and proteinuria. Abdominal ultrasonography confirmed aortic thromboembolism (ATE), and surgical histopathology diagnosed necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgical aortic thrombectomy was performed, and antithrombotic therapy was instituted. Pancreatitis was treated supportively. The dog was discharged to the owners after 10 days of hospitalization. Recheck examination 6 weeks after initial presentation revealed a normal neurologic examination and normal femoral pulses. The patient has had no further bouts of pancreatitis and remains neurologically normal 5 years after initial presentation. Canine ATE is relatively rare compared to the feline counterpart. Directed therapy for feline ATE is often not recommended, as underlying conditions are oftentimes ultimately fatal. Underlying etiologies for canine ATE include cardiovascular disease and endocrinopathies, but canine ATE secondary to pancreatitis has not yet been reported. Surgical removal of aortic thromboembolus should be considered as curative for pelvic limb dysfunction in the canine patient without a terminal underlying disease.

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Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis

Dunn

Weisse

2015

Veterinary Image‐Guided Interventions

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Aortic thrombosis in dogs: Presentation, therapy, and outcome in 26 cases

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

Neuromiopatia isquêmica em cinco cães (2008-2016)

Neuromiopatia isquêmica em cinco cães (2008-2016)

Surgical Removal of a Canine Aortic Thromboembolism Secondary to Pancreatitis

Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis

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