Apatites deficient in divalent cations

Posner, Aaron S.; Perloff, A.

doi:10.6028/jres.058.035

Cited by 103 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Ca/P ratio in the enamel layer of Megalobatrachus japonicus teeth was very low, about 2.0, in contrast to the theoretical level of hydroxyapatite, about 1.6. Thus, Ca-deficient apatite occurs in the enamel layer as Posner and Perloff (1957) reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Fine Structure and Elemental Analysis of the Enamel in the Cryptobranchid Salamander Megalobatrachus japonicus

Shimada

Sato²,

Murakami

et al. 1993

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Teeth from Megalobatrachus japonicus were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) to assay the elements of the enamel layer. The enamel layer of each of tooth is thin and the arrangement of the enamel crystals is regular in the Megalobatrachus japonicus. Based on calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels of distribution, the calcification level of the enamel layer differs between the labial and lingual surfaces. Concentrations of iron and fluoride are located in both portions of the enamel layer as well. The presence of trace elements and distribution of calcified levels are related to the mineral formation in the enamel layer and function of the teeth during feeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The columnar Ca unit is unstable and easily change into other compound (Posner and Perloff, 1957). The low level of Ca/P ratio in the enamel layer indicates a deficiency of columnar Ca in hydroxyapatite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Structure and Elemental Analysis of the Enamel in the Cryptobranchid Salamander Megalobatrachus japonicus

Shimada

Sato²,

Murakami

et al. 1993

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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“…Such variations include missing ions, particularly calcium (Posner and Perloff, 1957;Winand et al, 1961) and hydroxyl (Young and Spooner, 1969;Myrberg, 1968). Hydroxyl was reported as being 20-30% lower in enamel compared with stoichiometric apatite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry of Enamel Caries

Robinson

Shore

Brookes

et al. 2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

321

316

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The chemical changes which occur during the process of carious destruction of enamel are complex due to a number of factors. First, substituted hydroxyapatite, the main component of dental enamel, can behave in a very complex manner during dissolution. This is due not only to its ability to accept substituent ions but also to the wide range of calcium phosphate species which can form following dissolution. In addition, the composition, i.e., the extent of substitution, changes throughout enamel in the direction of carious attack, i.e., from surface to interior. Both surface and positively birefringent zones of the lesion clearly illustrate that carious destruction is not simple dissolution. Selective dissolution of soluble minerals occurs, and there is the probability of reprecipitation. The role of fluoride here is crucial in that not only does it protect enamel per se but also its presence in solution means that rather insoluble fluoridated species can form very easily, encouraging redeposition. The role of organic material clearly needs further investigation, but there is the real possibility of both inhibition of repair and facilitation of redeposition. For the future, delivering fluoride deep into the lesion would appear to offer the prospect of improved repair. This would entail a delivery vehicle which solved the problem of fluoride uptake by apatite at the tooth surface. Elucidation of the role of organic material may also reveal putative mechanisms for encouraging repair and/or protecting the enamel mineral.

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“…The existence of apatites deficient in divalent cations is supported by crystallographic evidence [1] The value of x has been reported to range from 0 to 2 [1], When…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effect of calcium treatment on solubility and calcium uptake of synthetic hydroxyapatite and rat molar enamel:

Likins¹,

Steere²

1957

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Apatites deficient in divalent cations

Cited by 103 publications

References 3 publications

Fine Structure and Elemental Analysis of the Enamel in the Cryptobranchid Salamander Megalobatrachus japonicus

Fine Structure and Elemental Analysis of the Enamel in the Cryptobranchid Salamander Megalobatrachus japonicus

The Chemistry of Enamel Caries

Effect of calcium treatment on solubility and calcium uptake of synthetic hydroxyapatite and rat molar enamel:

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