Apoio Social e Comportamentos de Risco na Adolescência

Abstract

PsicoExceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4.0 Internacional. RESUMOO apoio social tem sido considerado fator de proteção ao engajamento de adolescentes em comportamentos de risco. Este estudo investigou a relação entre apoio social e comportamentos de risco (comportamentos sexual, infracional, suicida e uso de substâncias) em 374 adolescentes de Porto Alegre, entre 12 e 18 anos, de escolas públicas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma escala de apoio social e questões que avaliaram comportamentos de risco. Análises foram realizadas com teste t de Student, Correlações de Pearson e Análise de Regressão Múltipla. Os resultados indicaram maior envolvimento em comportamentos de risco em adolescentes mais velhos e diferenças por sexo (meninos envolveram-se mais em comportamento infracional e sexual de risco e as meninas em comportamento suicida). O apoio da família e dos professores esteve associado ao menor envolvimento nesses comportamentos e o apoio dos amigos ao maior engajamento. Estratégias de prevenção e intervenção direcionadas aos jovens devem considerar a influência dessas variáveis na adesão aos comportamentos de risco.Palavras-chave: Adolescência; Apoio Social; Comportamento de Risco. ABSTRACT Social Support and Risk Behavior in AdolescenceSocial support can be considered a protective factor as regards engagement of the adolescent in risk behaviors. This study investigated the relation between social support and risk behaviors (sexual behaviors, criminal, suicidal and substance use) in adolescents in three-hundred and seventy-four adolescents from Porto Alegre, from 12 to 18 years old, from public schools. Social support scale and questions about risk behavior were used. Student's t-Test, Pearson's Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were conducted. More engagement in risk behaviors in older adolescents was evidenced, as well as differences by sex (boys were more engaged in criminal behavior and risk sexual behavior and the girls in suicidal behavior). Support from the family and teachers was perceived as a factor associated to lower engagament in these behaviors and the support from friends was associated to higher engagement. Strategies of prevention and intervention directed to young people should consider the influence of these variables regarding adherence to risk behaviors.

Predictors of Academic Achievement at the End of Middle School: History of Repetition, Social Skills and Social Support

“…The perception of social support from the family helps students to face the challenges and feel more accepted and more protected (Squassoni & Matsukura, 2014). The affective communication of the family assists students in socialization, in expanding the contact network and protects them from risk situations, such as friendships that con-tribute to risk behaviors (Alves & Dell'Aglio, 2015b;Olsson et al, 2016). Adolescents who have more contact and a good relationship with their parents are found to be happier and more satisfi ed with life (Tomé & Matos, 2012).…”

“…Added to this, students have the same language and are in the same stage of development (in this case adolescence), which can facilitate the exchange of experiences (Tomé & Matos, 2012). Thus, it could be suggested that reciprocal friendly relationships contribute to good educational results of students in their daily lives (Wang & Holcombe, 2010), although some friendly relationships negatively affect the development of students with, for example, drug use, violence and aggressive behavior (Alves & Dell'Aglio, 2015b). Therefore, all the support networks are important to assist the development, because if one does not provide support, another can, so that the subject feels accepted.…”

“…Thus, the friends would be a source of learning of school skills and social skills, serving as social sustenance and possibly having a positive infl uence on the choice of a healthier lifestyle (Del Prette & Del Prette, 2009;Wang & Holcombe, 2010). However, the relationship with peers has also been linked to risky behavior in adolescence, such as substance abuse and delinquency (Alves & Dell'Aglio, 2015b;Olsson et al, 2016).…”

Programa de Habilidades Sociais e de Vida com Adolescentes em Semiliberdade

“…Um programa de habilidades sociais realizado por Leme et al (2016) com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidades social, evidenciou aumento na empatia, autocontrole, assertividade, abordagem afetiva, desenvoltura social e no escore total das habilidades sociais, bem como nos escores de autoeficácia e de apoio social dos professores. Nessa direção, tanto a percepção de apoio social (Alves & Dell'Aglio, 2015;Zappe & Dell'Aglio, 2016) quanto as crenças de autoeficácia (Valois et al, 2017;Zappe & Dell'Aglio, 2016) são fatores proteção e estão relacionadas a prevenção de condutas de risco ao ato infracional. Portanto, salienta-se a necessidade de se implementar intervenções que busquem promover essas variáveis em adolescentes em conflito com a lei.…”

Health risk behaviors in college students of a public institution

“…3 Risk behavior has been associated with youth, as it is a phase of life that involves physical, emotional and social transformations permeated by the search for independence, autonomy and contact with new experiences, and can be considered as a period of greater vulnerability to risk. 4 Vulnerability can be seen more frequently as the number of semesters attended increases, which can be explained by the new phase that the young person is facing, being marked by the uncertainty of the future and possible beginning of the career path, which generates a high stress load. 5 Young people are an important group vulnerable to situations of exposure to risky behaviors.…”