Appearance and Maturation of T‐Cell Subsets During Rat Thymus Ontogeny

Vicente, Ángeles; Varas, Alberto; Acedón, R S; Jiménez, Eva; Múñoz, Juan José; Zapata, A.

doi:10.1155/1998/24239

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this regard, a decrease in the proportion of CD4 ϩ CD8 ϩ TCR␣␤ low thymocytes has been reported in the neonatal rat and mouse thymus, concomitant with the start of differentiation of a new wave of T cell precursors colonizing the organ (23)(24)(25). In the present report, we analyze the different cellular components of the neonatal human thymus, demonstrating that a transient severe depletion of immature CD4 ϩ…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…Our data demonstrate a remarkable reinforcement of the subcapsular epithelial cell layer, as well as the existence of numerous enlarged blood vessels throughout the neonatal thymic parenchyma, which suggests the occurrence of important changes in thymic permeability. Similarly, enlarged perivascular spaces appear throughout rat thymic parenchyma during the perinatal period (25). Also Martín et al (50) described, after increasing sex steroid levels, an increase of thymic cortical and corticomedullary vascular permeability, along with an almost total disappearance of the transcapsular route, caused by the reinforcement of the subcapsular epithelial cell layer.…”

Section: Cd8mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…ϩ TCR␣␤ low thymocytes have been also pointed out in the thymus of neonatal mice and rats (24,25). The underlying mechanisms to this process have not been formally proved, but two distinct mechanisms are known to be involved in the intrathymic cell death of DP thymocytes.…”

Section: Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Human Neonatal Thymus: Evidence for a Transient Thymic Involution

Varas¹,

Jiménez²,

Sacedón³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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The neonatal period is marked by the impairment of the major components of both innate and adaptive immunity. We report a severe depletion of cortical CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes in the human neonatal thymus. This drastic reduction in immature double-positive cells, largely provoked by an increased rate of cell death, could be observed as early as 1 day after birth, delaying the recovery of the normal proportion of this thymocyte subset until the end of the first month of postnatal life. Serum cortisol levels were not increased in newborn donors, indicating that the neonatal thymic involution is a physiological rather than a stress-associated pathological event occurring in the perinatal period. Newborn thymuses also showed increased proportions of both primitive CD34+CD1− precursor cells and mature TCRαβhighCD69−CD1−CD45RO+/RAdull and CD45ROdull/RA+ cells, which presumably correspond to recirculating T lymphocytes into the thymus. A notable reinforcement of the subcapsular epithelial cell layer as well as an increase in the intralobular extracellular matrix network accompanied modifications in the thymocyte population. Additionally neonatal thymic dendritic cells were found to be more effective than dendritic cells isolated from children’s thymuses at stimulating proliferative responses in allogeneic T cells. All these findings can account for several alterations affecting the peripheral pool of T lymphocytes in the perinatal period.

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Cd8mentioning

confidence: 90%

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Analysis of the Human Neonatal Thymus: Evidence for a Transient Thymic Involution

Varas¹,

Jiménez²,

Sacedón³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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“…In humans, by 15-16 wk the architecture of the fetal thymus resembles that of the neonate (23). In the rodent thymus, the first T-cell precursors colonize the thymus by d 13-14 of a 21.5-d gestation (24). Therefore, T-cell precursors in the thymus are present and susceptible to a late gestational insult, making it a potential target for prenatal stress-induced changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters T-Lymphocyte Cell Number and Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Levels in the Thymus of Newborn and Juvenile Rats

Contreras

Hale

et al. 2011

Pediatr Res

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Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants have increased susceptibility to infection associated with higher risk of illness and death. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), which is transcribed in the thymus, increases in quantity as T cells mature and differentiate into CD4ϩ cells. Little is known about how IUGR affects DUSP1 levels and T-cell subpopulations over time. We hypothesized that IUGR would decrease cell count, CD4ϩ and CD8ϩ subpopulations of T lymphocytes, and DUSP1 levels in IUGR rat thymus and spleen. Bilateral uterine artery ligation produced IUGR rats. Thymus and spleen were harvested at P0 and P21. Flow cytometry was used to compare CD4ϩ and CD8ϩ lymphocyte populations. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine DUSP1 quantity. IUGR significantly decreased total cell count in P0 and P21 IUGR male and female thymus. IUGR significantly increased CD4ϩ cells in IUGR P0 males and females, significantly decreased CD4ϩ cells in P21 female thymus, and significantly altered DUSP1 levels in the IUGR female thymus at P0 and P21, although it is not yet known whether the change in DUSP1 levels is due to a change in the level per cell or to a change in cellular composition of the thymus. (Pediatr Res 70: 123-129, 2011)

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“…On fetal days 17-18, a certain population of cells exhibits a high proliferative rate, and the first mature thymocytes appear on fetal day 20 (70)(71)(72). The fetal thymus on day 20 of gestation looked stable in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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This study was conducted to determine the impact of diesel exhaust inhalation on the fetus. Seventy-two pregnant rats and 18 nonpregnant rats were divided into three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m(3) particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. The exposure period was from day 7 until day 20 of pregnancy. In addition, 15 pregnant rats were treated with aromatase inhibitors or testosterone to clarify the process by which diesel exhaust exerts its toxicity. The anogenital distance was significantly longer in male and female fetuses from both exhaust-exposed groups than in those of the control. Differentiation of the testis, ovary, and thymus was delayed and disturbed. Maternal testosterone and progesterone levels, which increased due to pregnancy whether or not the rats were exposed, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the pregnant rats exposed to total exhaust and filtered exhaust. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) did not differ among the pregnant groups. These results indicate that elevated testosterone did not result from elevated maternal adrenal function. The feto-placental-ovarian unit and inhibition of aromatase activity and synthesis caused by diesel exhaust inhalation might have played an essential role in the accumulation of testosterone. Since both exhaust-exposed groups showed almost the same reactions toward the inhalation, the gaseous phase must have included the relevant toxicants.

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Appearance and Maturation of T‐Cell Subsets During Rat Thymus Ontogeny

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis of the Human Neonatal Thymus: Evidence for a Transient Thymic Involution

Analysis of the Human Neonatal Thymus: Evidence for a Transient Thymic Involution

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters T-Lymphocyte Cell Number and Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Levels in the Thymus of Newborn and Juvenile Rats

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

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