Apple cider vinegar boosted immunomodulatory and health promoting effects of Lactobacillus casei in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio )

Safari, Roghieh; Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein; Nejadmoghadam, Shabnam; Khalili, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.017

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…An analysis of macrophages from Crohn’s disease patients revealed that they had defective responses to E-coli due to Crohn’s related systemic immunosuppression 38 . A recent report showed that co-administration of ACV with L- casei boosted systemic and mucosal immune responses, antioxidant enzyme and growth genes in fish 39 . Equally, perhaps additive dietary supplementation with ACV could be of benefit in acute infections, autoimmune induced immune dysregulation or antibiotic redundancy in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies would establish whether ACV could be used as a potential therapeutic, In vivo models of infection could be induced by infusing microbes systemically into mice followed by treatment with or without intraperitoneal ACV. Intragastric ACV has been fed to animals used as models of obesity and infection in the past 18 , 37 , 39 . ACV efficacy could be evaluated by measuring microbial burden, serum cytokine levels, leukocyte counts and tissue pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression

Yagnik

Serafin

Shah

2018

Sci Rep

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The global escalation in antibiotic resistance cases means alternative antimicrobials are essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of apple cider vinegar (ACV) against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimum dilution of ACV required for growth inhibition varied for each microbial species. For C. albicans, a 1/2 ACV had the strongest effect, S. aureus, a 1/25 dilution ACV was required, whereas for E-coli cultures, a 1/50 ACV dilution was required (p < 0.05). Monocyte co-culture with microbes alongside ACV resulted in dose dependent downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6). Results are expressed as percentage decreases in cytokine secretion comparing ACV treated with non-ACV treated monocytes cultured with E-coli (TNFα, 99.2%; IL-6, 98%), S. aureus (TNFα, 90%; IL-6, 83%) and C. albicans (TNFα, 83.3%; IL-6, 90.1%) respectively. Proteomic analyses of microbes demonstrated that ACV impaired cell integrity, organelles and protein expression. ACV treatment resulted in an absence in expression of DNA starvation protein, citrate synthase, isocitrate and malate dehydrogenases in E-coli; chaperone protein DNak and ftsz in S. aureus and pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate were among the enzymes absent in C.albican cultures. The results demonstrate ACV has multiple antimicrobial potential with clinical therapeutic implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression

Yagnik

Serafin

Shah

2018

Sci Rep

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“…The results of the present study revealed that the growth performance parameters, including final weight and weight gain, significantly increased in fish fed with 2% of ACV compared to the controls, whereas SGR (%) and FCR showed significant differences in fish fed with 4% of ACV compared to the controls. Safari et al (Safari, Hoseinifar, Nejadmoghadam, & Khalili, ) showed that the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene was up‐regulated in the common carp ( C. carpio ) fed with diets supplemented with 1% and 2% of ACV. Furthermore, the enhancement of growth performance in fish fed with dietary ACV may be due to the existence of acetic acid in ACV, which may increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria (Najdegerami et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the review of the literature, there is no enough available information on the effects of apple cider vinegar on the immune parameters of fish skin mucus. The results of a study showed a significant increase in the total IG and lysozyme activities in the serum of the common carp ( C. carpio ) fed with diet supplemented with high (2%) and low (1%) levels of ACV (Safari et al, ). Furthermore, modulatory effects of organic acids on the immune response of the skin mucus have been reported for the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hoseinifar, Safari, & Dadar, ); Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum (Hoseinifar et al, ); and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Reda, Mahmoud, Selim, & El‐Araby, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of dietary apple cider vinegar as an organic acidifier on the growth performance, digestive enzymes and mucosal immunity of green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus)

et al. 2019

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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary apple cider vinegar (ACV) on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance as well as immune responses and antibacterial activity of skin mucus in green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% of ACV (40.830 ppm acetic acid concentration) for 63 days. The final weight and weight gain values were observed to be significantly higher in fish fed with 2% of ACV compared to the control group (p < .05). ACV inclusion in the diets had significant effects on SGR (%) and FCR values (p > .05). ACV treatment resulted in a significant increase in the intestinal protease, α‐amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared to control (p < .05). The activities of digestive enzymes in fish fed with 2% and 4% of ACV diets were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .05). The total protein content, alternative haemolytic complement, alkaline phosphatase, total immunoglobulins and lysozyme activities of skin mucus increased significantly in fish fed with ACV diets (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of ACV enhanced digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, immune responses and the immune properties of skin mucus, and it can be used as a natural growth promoter and immunostimulant in green terror culture.

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“…Specific pathogen-free and clinically healthy common carp (mean weight 55 ± 3 g) were obtained from fisheries (Jilin, China). The fish were acclimated to the experimental environment for two weeks, according to Safari et al [43]. Fish were fed with commercial diet twice a day at a feeding rate of 1% body weight.…”

Section: Fish and Ethics Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Casei Expressing Flagellin A Protein Confers Effective Protection against Aeromonas Veronii in Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio

Tian

Kang

Chu

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen capable of infecting humans, livestock and aquatic animals, resulting in serious economic losses. In this study, two recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing flagellin A (FlaA) of A. veronii, Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (surface-displayed) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (secretory) were constructed. The immune responses in fish administered with recombinant L. casei were evaluated. The two recombinant L. casei were orally administered to common carp, which stimulated high serum IgM and induced higher ACP, AKP, SOD and LYZ activity. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the tissue of fish immunized with recombinant L. casei was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, which indicated that recombinant L. casei could activate the innate immune system to trigger the cell immune response and inflammatory response. Furthermore, recombinant L. casei was able to survive the intestinal environment and colonize in intestine mucosal. The study showed that after being challenged by A. veronii, fish administered with Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (70%) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (50%) had higher survival rates compared to Lc-pPG and PBS, indicating that recombinant L. casei might prevent A. veronii infection by activating the immune system to trigger immune responses. We demonstrated that flagellin as an antigen of vaccine, is acceptable for preventing A. veronii infection in fish. The recombinant L. casei expressing FlaA may be a novel mucosal vaccine for treating and controlling A. veronii.

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Apple cider vinegar boosted immunomodulatory and health promoting effects of Lactobacillus casei in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio )

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression

Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression

Supplementation of dietary apple cider vinegar as an organic acidifier on the growth performance, digestive enzymes and mucosal immunity of green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus)

Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Casei Expressing Flagellin A Protein Confers Effective Protection against Aeromonas Veronii in Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio

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