Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Server Discovery

Schwan, Nico; Stiemerling, Martin; Scharf, Michael P.; Kiesel, Sebastian

doi:10.17487/rfc7286

Cited by 7 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…ISPs may also provide services that allow using of other, more accurate metrics. For example, an ISP may deploy the Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) service [31] which provides nodes with information that helps them perform better peer selection. Such information may include link capacity, node load, cost of a link, and so on.…”

Section: E Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-Pastry: An inter-domain topology aware overlay for the support of name-resolution services in the future Internet

Fotiou

Κατσαρός

Xylomenos

et al. 2015

Computer Communications

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Abstract-Overlay networks are widely used for locating and disseminating information by means of custom routing and forwarding on top of an underlying network. Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based overlays in particular, provide good scalability and load balancing properties. However, these come at the cost of inefficient routing, caused by the lack of adaptation to the underlying network, as DHTs often overlook physical network proximity, administrative boundaries and/or inter-domain routing policies. In this paper we show how to construct a DHT-based overlay network that takes all these aspects into account, so as to ease the global deployment of Future Internet architectures which require large-scale name resolution, such as Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Based on the Pastry distributed object location and routing substrate and the Canon paradigm for multi-level DHTs, we developed H-Pastry, an overlay DHT scheme that harvests the scalability and load balancing features of DHTs, while also adapting to the underlying network topology, administrative structure and routing policies. We evaluate the performance characteristics of the proposed scheme through an extensive set of detailed simulations over realistic inter-network topologies. Our results show that HPastry substantially improves routing by reducing both overlay path stretch (by up to 55%) and routing policy violations (by up to 70%), compared to the Canonical (multi-level) Chord DHT. In addition, the design of H-Pastry keeps traffic within administrative boundaries as far as possible, reducing interdomain hops by up to 27% compared to Pastry, while also creating excellent opportunities for the support of caching and multicast.

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Section: E Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-Pastry: An inter-domain topology aware overlay for the support of name-resolution services in the future Internet

Fotiou

Κατσαρός

Xylomenos

et al. 2015

Computer Communications

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“…In order to support those environments interoperably, the ALTO requirements document [RFC6708] outlines minimum-to-implement authentication and other security requirements. This document considers the following threats and protection strategies.…”

Section: Security Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if many ALTO clients follow the cost map or the Endpoint Cost Service guidance without doing additional sanity checks or adaptation, more preferable hosts and/or links could get overloaded while less preferable ones remain idle; see AR-14 of [RFC6708] for related application considerations.…”

Section: Risk Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Section 5.2.1 of [RFC6708], three types of risks associated with the confidentiality of ALTO information resources are identified: risk type (1) Excess disclosure of the ALTO service provider's data to an authorized ALTO client; risk type (2) Disclosure of the ALTO service provider's data (e.g., network topology information or endpoint addresses) to an unauthorized third party; and risk type (3) Excess retrieval of the ALTO service provider's data by collaborating ALTO clients. [ALTO-DEPLOYMENT] also discusses information leakage from ALTO.…”

Section: Protection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol

Kiesel¹,

Previdi²,

Roome³

et al. 2014

Self Cite

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Applications using the Internet already have access to some topology information of Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. For example, views to Internet routing tables at Looking Glass servers are available and can be practically downloaded to many network application clients. What is missing is knowledge of the underlying network topologies from the point of view of ISPs. In other words, what an ISP prefers in terms of traffic optimization --and a way to distribute it.The Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) services defined in this document provide network information (e.g., basic network location structure and preferences of network paths) with the goal of modifying network resource consumption patterns while maintaining or improving application performance. The basic information of ALTO is based on abstract maps of a network. These maps provide a simplified view, yet enough information about a network for applications to effectively utilize them. Additional services are built on top of the maps.This document describes a protocol implementing the ALTO services. Although the ALTO services would primarily be provided by ISPs, other entities, such as content service providers, could also provide ALTO services. Applications that could use the ALTO services are those that have a choice to which end points to connect. Examples of such applications are peer-to-peer (P2P) and content delivery networks.

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“…Similar to a CDN [9], a CDNI system applies request-routing techniques to select optimal servers to provide users with guaranteed high-quality service [10,11]. Thus, the performance of CDNI request-routing strategies affects CDNI service quality significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stable marriage-based request routing framework for interconnection CDNs

Huang¹,

Zou²,

Tong³

et al. 2017

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Content delivery network (CDN) interconnection is a promising solution to addressing the limited service scale of CDNs. It scales the CDN's service footprint through the cooperation of CDNs without significantly changing the existing network architecture. However, in a CDN interconnection system, CDNs are independent of each other and each pursues its own goals, which means that cooperation is hard to establish and easy to break. In our paper, we propose a stable marriage-based routing framework to establish a strong cooperation service for CDNs and to select the 'optimal' server for each request among the cooperative CDNs. To this end, we first investigate the relationship between the service cost and the service profit of CDN interconnection, and we design a price determination strategy to ensure the economic interests of each cooperative CDN, which is helpful in establishing a stable CDN cooperation service. Then we propose a dynamic request routing strategy to select the 'optimal' server for each end user request by applying the 'stable match' theory. This strategy is helpful in scaling the CDN service footprints with guaranteed service quality and in gaining more profit with lower service costs. The simulation results show that our frameworks can scale the CDN's service footprints with guaranteed service quality and gain more services without increasing service costs.Furthermore, our frameworks are win-win request routing frameworks because they help the upstream CDN of the CDN interconnection to increase service profit without increasing its cost. Moreover, they help the downstream CDNs of the CDN interconnection to gain extra revenue by using their idle resources.

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Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Server Discovery

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

H-Pastry: An inter-domain topology aware overlay for the support of name-resolution services in the future Internet

H-Pastry: An inter-domain topology aware overlay for the support of name-resolution services in the future Internet

Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol

A stable marriage-based request routing framework for interconnection CDNs

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