Application of a multispectral assay for evaluation of the morphofunctional status of immunocompetent cells in cattle with retroviral diseases

Abstract

Abstract. Microspectral analysis is a highly informative way to study the morphofunctional status of cells, including immunocompetent ones. Purpose of the study was an application it for studding of bovine lymphocytes in cattle with enzootic leukemia and viral immunodeficiency, which is important for diagnostics and differential diagnostics of diseases, as well as for analyzing of animal homeostasis and making a prognosis of the disease. Leukemia and immunodeficiency are classified as hematopathological processes. Therefore, we used the hematological method as a comparative method. Spectral analysis of stained with a Leukodif 200 kit agranulocytes was carried out using the universal color analyzer microscope-spectrophotometer LOMO MSFU-K. The value of the light absorption intensity was measured in the visible-light spectrum from 300 to 700 nm. The results of microspectral analysis showed that for cows’ lymphocytes with combined pathology (BLV/BIV), the absorption values in the spectrum of eosin U and azure II were 351.2 ± 17.6 and 751.4 ± 37.6 counts, respectively. For animals with BLV and BIV mono-infection, these indicators were 253.3 ± 12.7; 383.3 ± 19.2 and 371.5 ± 18.5; 500.2 ± 24.9 counts. While in intact cows, these indicators were registered at the level of 210.3 ± 10.5 and 173.6 ± 8.6 counts. In intact animals, the acidic and basic components ratio in the cell was uniformly proportional, the ratio coefficient was 0.83 ± 0.04. For BIV-, BLV- and BLV/BIV-infected animals, this coefficient was 1.34 ± 0.06, 1.51 ± 0.08 and 2.13 ± 0.11, that was in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 times higher than in intact animals, which might be an indicator of metabolic acidosis in the cell. The scientific novelty of the research is that the signs of hypoxia and inflammation detected by hematological analysis correlate with the results of microspectral analysis and indicate a change in the homeostasis of the infected animal’s organism, including at the cell level.