Application of a Multivariant, Caucasian-Specific, Genotyped Donor Panel for Performance Validation of MDmulticard^®, ID-System^®, and Scangel^® RhD/ABO Serotyping

Abstract

Background: Validations of routinely used serological typing methods require intense performance evaluations typically including large numbers of samples before routine application. However, such evaluations could be improved considering information about the frequency of standard blood groups and their variants. Meth-ods: Using RHDand ABOpopulation genetic data, a Caucasian-specific donor panel was compiled for a performance comparison of the three RhD and ABO serological typing methods MDmulticard (Medion Diagnostics), ID-System (DiaMed) and ScanGel (Bio-Rad). The final test panel included standard and variant RHDand ABOgenotypes, e.g. RhD categories, partial and weak RhDs, RhD DELs, and ABOsamples, mainly to interpret weak serological reactivity for blood group A specificity. All samples were from individuals recorded in our local DNA blood group typing database. Results: For ‘standard’ blood groups, results of performance were clearly interpretable for all three serological methods compared. However, when focusing on specific variant phenotypes, pronounced differences in reaction strengths and specificities were observed between them. Conclusions: A genetically and ethnically predefined donor test panel consisting of 93 individual samples only, delivered highly significant results for serological performance comparisons. Such small panels offer impressive representative powers, higher as such based on statistical chances and large numbers only.

Evaluation of a lateral flow–based technology card for blood typing using a simplified protocol in a model of extreme blood sampling conditions

“…The protocol described by the manufacturer of the MDmulticard—which is considered to be the standard—recommends preparing a mixture of RBC suspension and Diluent F . In the simplified protocol assessed in this study, the blood drop and the Diluent F were added separately for convenience and time savings.…”

“…However, a compatibility test between the patient's blood type and the blood product beforehand is required to avoid side effects. Traditional blood typing techniques have limited capabilities, while genotyping may create more specific testing panels, but it is time‐consuming . Moreover, there are life‐threatening situations such as acute emergencies and humanitarian disasters (i.e., transfusion needed within 30 min or massive blood transfusions) that especially require blood typing procedures with reliability, ease of interpretation, and quick results …”

Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection

“…All the staff members received theoretical and practical learning for use of the devices. For blood group and antibodies, it was decided to perform analyses of ABO, D, K and Rhesus subgroup using the MDmulticard 1 (Medion Diagnostics AG, CH-3186 Duedingen, Switzerland) [25]. Thanks to this, we are able to transfuse patients in their own group and respecting the Dell, Kell and Rhesus phenotypes.…”

Evaluation of the New Lateral Flow Card MDmulticard® Basic Extended Phenotype in Routine Clinical Practice

“…In particular, a number of weak phenotypes, previously typed false-negative, were discovered in several blood group systems [3]. Even so, blood typing in emergency or life-threatening situations, where patients must be attended to quickly, would require special tools [4].…”