Application of Bang–Bang Controller to Emulate Primary Frequency Response in DFIGs

Toulabi, Mohammadreza; Ashouri‐Zadeh, Alireza; Kazari, Hessam; Ranjbar, Ali Mohammad

doi:10.1109/jsyst.2019.2961188

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The performance of the proposed method is studied under various wind speeds and Wind Power Penetration Level (WPPL), considering the IEEE nine-bus power system which is widely used to study the performance of load-frequency control methods [35,36]. The modified versions of this test system are widely used for verification of different wind-participation methods in highly-penetrated power systems with reduced inertia [37][38][39].…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the proposed method is studied under various wind speeds and Wind Power Penetration Level (WPPL), considering the IEEE nine‐bus power system which is widely used to study the performance of load‐frequency control methods [35,36]. The modified versions of this test system are widely used for verification of different wind‐participation methods in highly‐penetrated power systems with reduced inertia [37–39]. The single line diagram of this test system, presented in Figure 9, including: two SGs with total inertial constant M = 10 s, loads with damping factor D = 1p.u, and a DFIG‐based wind farm with the parameters shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Closed‐loop fast primary frequency‐response of type‐3 wind power plants in low inertia grids

Nasirpour

Madani

Niroomand

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper proposes a frequency-control scheme for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based (Type-3) wind turbines to improve the primary-frequency-control when the grid power balance is disturbed. The increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources, like wind power plants, reduces the total available inertia of modern grids, which deteriorate the frequency response in case of sudden power-mismatches. The proposed closed-loop participation of wind power plant interacts with the thermal units to reduce the frequency nadir and frequency settling-time, during the inertial and primary stages. The designed disturbance observer decreases the uncertainties in the estimation of grid parameters, which results in robust PI performance in adjusting the ancillary power provided by wind turbines. Certain measures considered within the control loop to limit the rate-ofchange-of-frequency within the permissive range to avoid the protective relays tripping. Comparative simulations studies on modified IEEE 9-bus and 68-bus test systems verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed‐loop fast primary frequency‐response of type‐3 wind power plants in low inertia grids

Nasirpour

Madani

Niroomand

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…The ability of VSWTs equipped with conventional linear controllers for PFR is limited and cannot deliver maximum power. To enable VSWTs to contribute to PFR by injecting maximum power without undergoing accelerated wear and tear, a nonlinear bang-bang controller for DFIGs was proposed by Toulabi et al [195]. Under normal conditions, the DFIG is controlled by the main controller.…”

Section: ) Wind Turbine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Farooq

Bass

2022

IEEE Access

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Modern power systems characterized by complex topologies require accurate situational awareness to maintain an adequate level of reliability. Since they are large and spread over wide geographical areas, it is inevitable that failures will occur. Various generation and transmission disturbances, such as generator and transmission line tripping and load disconnection, give rise to a mismatch between generation and demand, which manifest as frequency events. These events can take the form of negligible frequency deviations or more severe emergencies that can precipitate cascading outages, depending on the severity of the disturbance and efficacy of remedial action schema. The impacts of such events have become more critical recently due to increased levels of renewable penetration and distributed energy resources, which have caused a decline in system synchronous inertia. Due to the repercussions, it is indispensable to arrest such disturbances on time by activating primary frequency control measures. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review is presented on the techniques used for event detection in power systems and the methods of primary frequency response in modern power systems. The paper also highlights the impacts of severe frequency events within power systems.

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“…The purpose of these frequency regulation techniques is to support the grid during sudden load changes [39]. An additional battery-inverter system concept with an inertial control tech-nique [40], a super-capacitor at the DC-link [41], the inertia time constant method [42], [43], and modified virtual inertial control techniques at the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller of the DFIG [44] have also been reported to contribute to the frequency regulation of the DFIG system. The aforementioned works focus on the steady-state condition of the system without considering the contingency conditions of the DFIG system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cooperative Approach of Frequency Regulation Through Virtual Inertia Control and Enhancement of Low Voltage Ride-through in DFIG-based Wind Farm

Verma

Seethalekshmi

Dwivedi

2022

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms (WFs) are interfaced with power electronic converters. Such interfaces are attributed to the low inertia generated in the WFs under high penetration and that becomes prevalent in a fault scenario. Therefore, transient stability enhancement along with frequency stability in DFIG-based WFs is a major concern in the present scenario. In this paper, a cooperative approach consisting of virtual inertia control (VIC) and a modified grid-side converter (GSC) approach for low voltage ridethrough (LVRT) is proposed to achieve fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities as per the grid code requirements (GCRs) while providing frequency support to the grid through a synthetic inertia. The proposed approach provides LVRT and reactive power compensation in the system. The participation of the VIC in a rotor-side converter (RSC) provides frequency support to the DFIG-based WFs. The combined approach supports active power compensation and provides sufficient kinetic energy support to the system in a contingency scenario. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment for symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. The superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through analysis of the performance of the scheme and that of a series resonance bridgetype fault current limiter (SR-BFCL). Index Terms--Virtual inertia controller (VIC), doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), fault ride-through (FRT) capability, wind farm (WF), fault current limiter (FCL).

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Application of Bang–Bang Controller to Emulate Primary Frequency Response in DFIGs

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Closed‐loop fast primary frequency‐response of type‐3 wind power plants in low inertia grids

Closed‐loop fast primary frequency‐response of type‐3 wind power plants in low inertia grids

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

A Cooperative Approach of Frequency Regulation Through Virtual Inertia Control and Enhancement of Low Voltage Ride-through in DFIG-based Wind Farm

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