Application of Computer Microtomography in the Study of Morphostructural Peculiarities of Hard Tissues of Teeth in Early Forms of Carious Lesions

Abstract

Aim. The research was designed to assess the capabilities of the microcomputer tomography method with the subsequent image analysis and determination of the mineral optical density of demineralized areas to improve the early diagnosis of fissure caries of permanent molars after the eruption.Materials and methods. Using a high-resolution X-ray microtomograph “Skyscan 1176” (“Bruker”, Belgium) followed by post-processing and analysis of the obtained tomograms, 75 molars of children aged 8-11 were removed by orthodontic indications. Of the total number of teeth removed, research groups were formed – teeth without signs of demineralization and teeth with carious lesions in the stage of white, light brown, brown and black spots. In the reconstructed 2D and 3D images were identified the zones in the outer (0.05-0.5 mm), middle (0.75-1.25 mm) and inner (1.5-2.0 mm) thirds of the thickness of the enamel layer followed by the computation in the CTvox program (3.3.0-1403, Bruker-micro CT) of the averaged X-ray (mineral) density indicators. Results. According to the tomograms of the teeth of the studied groups, the average indicators of the mineral optical density of the intact teeth enamel were identified as well as the average indicators of teeth with various types of carious lesions within the enamel. The following sequence was revealed in descending order of the parameters of optical density: healthy enamel (2.47±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the white spot stage (2.41±0.11 g/cm3) – caries in the light brown spot stage (2.32±0.07 g/cm3) – caries in the brown spot stage (2.18±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the black spot stage (1.81±0.12 g/cm3). Identifying the correlations between the color of carious lesion and mineral density of tooth enamel broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of the development of caries pathogenesis and contributes to the improvement of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving caries resistance.Conclusion. The use of microcomputer tomography in combination with other special methods characterizes fissure caries as a sequential, gradually progressing destructive process of hard tooth tissues (from focal demineralization to cavity formation), which establishes the relationship between the intensity of internal disturbances and external damage.

Enhancement of Research Method for Spatial Location Oftemporomandibular Elements and Maxillary and Mandibular Medialinci

“…The obvious advantages of CBCT include: full scanning of the object; possible 3-D examination of the object at any angle and depth; visualization of the smallest changes in the morphological structures of the respective objects; high resolution identification of the level and amount of hard tissues in the dentofacial area in any part and at any therapeutic and diagnostic stage. A series of cross-sectional images allow now diagnosing and selecting treatment methods for congenital and acquired maxillofacial pathologies [45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Spectral Microanalysis in Studying Dental Tissue Resistance

“…Some researchers, however, question the key role of the previously identified factors, because in people featuring high resistance to caries, these issues do not lead to carious lesion. In their opinion, caries resistance is due to morphological features of the enamel structure, the structure specifics, the teeth shape and microrelief, and the presence and size of the gaps between the teeth [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”