Application of Factorial Design for Optimization of the Synthesis of Lactulose Obtained from Whey Permeate

Zimmer, Fernanda Caspers; Souza, Aloísio Henrique Pereira de; Silveira, Ana Flavia Chaves da; Santos, Maristela Raupp dos; Matsushita, Makoto; Souza, Nilson E.; Rodrigues, Ângela Cláudia

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20170083

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A two-factor three-level (3 2 ) full factorial design (Design Expert software version 12.0.1.0) [ 30 ] was used to investigate the influence of two factors on the stabilization of AB406 phage in the dry powder form and its dispersibility. The studied factors were as follows: A—trehalose to mannitol ratio (80:0, 60:20 and 40:40); B—total solid content (20, 40 and 60 mg/mL), as shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Formulation Components and Environmental Humidity on Spray-Dried Phage Powders for Treatment of Respiratory Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii

Yan

Tang

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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The feasibility of using respirable bacteriophage (phage) powder to treat lung infections has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies. This work investigated the influence of formulation compositions and excipient concentrations on the aerosol performance and storage stability of phage powder. An anti-Acinetobacter baumannii phage vB_AbaM-IME-AB406 was incorporated into dry powders consisting of trehalose, mannitol and L-leucine for the first time. The phage stability upon the spray-drying process, room temperature storage and powder dispersion under different humidity conditions were assessed. In general, powders prepared with higher mannitol content (40% of the total solids) showed a lower degree of particle merging and no sense of stickiness during sample handling. These formulations also provided better storage stability of phage with no further titer loss after 1 month and <1 log titer loss in 6 months at high excipient concentration. Mannitol improved the dispersibility of phage powders, but the in vitro lung dose dropped sharply after exposure to high-humidity condition (65% RH) for formulations with 20% mannitol. While previously collected knowledge on phage powder preparation could be largely extended to formulate A. baumannii phage into inhalable dry powders, the environmental humidity may have great impacts on the stability and dispersion of phage; therefore, specific attention is required when optimizing phage powder formulations for global distribution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Formulation Components and Environmental Humidity on Spray-Dried Phage Powders for Treatment of Respiratory Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii

Yan

Tang

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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“…Saron (2003) achieved yields values around 70% in alkaline medium. Considering the enzymatic isomerization, the highest degree of hydrolysis was 76% according to Adamczak et al (2009), and 55.59% according to Zimmer et al (2017).…”

Section: Quantification and Purification Of Lactulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Columns containing Pb 2+ uses only ultrapure water as eluent ( Acquaro et al, 2013;Zimmer et al, 2017). The analytes are retained by ion exchange between the hydroxyls of the oligosaccharides and ionic components of the column.…”

Section: Quantification and Purification Of Lactulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Obtainment, quantification and use of lactulose as a functional food – a review

et al. 2017

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Whey (milk serum) is produced by the dairy industry during the manufacture of cheese. In addition to being a valuable source of functional and nutritional proteins, whey also presents almost all the lactose from the original whole milk. However, many industries still consider the whey as an effluent, which can cause serious environmental problems when not properly treated. Therefore, it is important to develop alternatives for the adequate use of whey. The lactose obtained from whey permeate can be converted into lactulose, a prebiotic which may be metabolized in the intestine by probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., through enzymatic isomerization or by using alkaline catalysts, with minimal secondary reactions and high yield. This manuscript provides information about various techniques used to produce lactulose, its purification and analysis, as well as its mechanisms of action and alternative applications in food products and medicines.Keywords: lactose isomerization; lactulose; prebiotics; reuse of industrial byproducts; whey permeate.Practical Application: Synthesizing and quantifying lactulose from whey permeate, and use in the dairy industry.

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“…The expected results contribute to a better understanding of the process variables and to the reduction of its overall costs. 15 , 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Industrial Practice of Reactive Washing of Cork Stoppers Using a Fractional Factorial Design

et al. 2022

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Reactive washing (RW) is a key process for disinfecting, purifying, and bleaching of cork stoppers to seal bottles with alcoholic beverages. Excessively severe treatment conditions deteriorate the surface properties of cork stoppers and must be strictly controlled. In this study, the conventional RW of natural cork stoppers was optimized employing a fractional factorial design. The RW variables (H 2 O 2 and NaOH concentrations, oxidation time, and washing water volume) were correlated with the final ISO brightness of the stoppers. A three-level and four-factor fractional factorial design within the response surface methodology approach allowed a quadratic model to predict the process response, where the H 2 O 2 concentration is the variable with the highest response (ISO brightness), followed by the NaOH concentration. The model obtained was validated, allowing the optimization of the process with savings of 37% in the concentration of H 2 O 2 and 33% in the concentration of NaOH and volume of washing water, without deteriorating the final appearance of the stoppers. In addition, the less severe treatment of stoppers under optimized conditions led to less degradation of their surface, thus favoring the receptivity to functional coatings.

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Application of Factorial Design for Optimization of the Synthesis of Lactulose Obtained from Whey Permeate

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

The Influence of Formulation Components and Environmental Humidity on Spray-Dried Phage Powders for Treatment of Respiratory Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii

The Influence of Formulation Components and Environmental Humidity on Spray-Dried Phage Powders for Treatment of Respiratory Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii

Obtainment, quantification and use of lactulose as a functional food – a review

Improving the Industrial Practice of Reactive Washing of Cork Stoppers Using a Fractional Factorial Design

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