Application of Immunoassays to Studies of the Environmental Fate of Endosulfan

Lee, Nanju Alice; Beasley, Helen; Kimber, Stephen; Silburn, Mark; Woods, N.; Skerritt, John H.; Kennedy, Ivan R.

doi:10.1021/jf960915q

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A larger number of soil and water samples were analyzed using CSIRO immunoassays (ELISA) for total toxic endosulfan residues (Lee et al, 1995) at the University of Sydney and at the Trangie Research Centre, NSW Agriculture, as part of a Co‐operative Research Centre for Sustainable Cotton Production project to validate immunoassay for field studies. Good agreement between results obtained by GC and ELISA for soil was obtained ( r 2 = 0.89), but at least 10 g of well‐mixed soil is required for extraction (Lee et al, 1997). However, the endosulfan immunoassay often gives greater values for residues in runoff samples than analysis by GC: this may indicate real differences, since immunoassays are conducted soon after being collected, before inevitable losses occur by rapid volatilization of pesticides such as endosulfan, or by hydrolysis during transportation to the analytical laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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The fate and transport of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5, 5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields were studied throughout three consecutive years on two selected locations in New South Wales (Australia). Rates of dissipation from foliage and soil, volatilization from the field, and transport of residues in irrigation and/or storm runoff waters were measured in order to estimate a total field balance. Dissipation of endosulfan from both foliage and soil is best explained by a two-phase process rather than by a first-order decay. Half-lives of total endosulfan toxic residues (alpha- and beta-endosulfan and the sulfate product) in the first phase were 1.6 d in foliage and 7.1 d in soil, and could be explained by the rapid volatilization of the parent isomers in the first 5 d (up to 70% of endosulfan volatilizes). In the second phase, half-lives were 9.5 d in foliage and 82 d in soil, mostly due to the persistence of the sulfate product. Concentration of endosulfan residues in runoff water varied from 45 to 2.5 microg L(-1) depending on the residue levels present on field soil at the time of the irrigation or storm events. These in turn are related to the total amounts applied, the cotton canopy cover at application, and the time since last spraying. Most of the endosulfan in runoff was found in the water phase (80%), suggesting it was bound to colloidal matter. Total endosulfan residues in runoff for a whole season accounted for no more than 2% of the pesticide applied on-field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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“…It was expected that antibodies raised against these haptens recognize the remaining phenolic group and the methyl groups that are distal from the point of protein conjugation. In this study, a shorter BPAbutyrate-hapten was used as an immunoreagent to minimize any folding back of hapten into the carrier protein [26]. Simultaneously, using haptens of differing chain lengths as competing haptens in a competitive format would be expected to improve assay sensitivity by increasing antibody affinity towards the analyte over the competitor [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a shorter BPAbutyrate-hapten was used as an immunoreagent to minimize any folding back of hapten into the carrier protein [26]. Simultaneously, using haptens of differing chain lengths as competing haptens in a competitive format would be expected to improve assay sensitivity by increasing antibody affinity towards the analyte over the competitor [26]. In the second approach where the commercial 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid was used as a hapten, protein conjugation was achieved via the methyl group, leaving the two phenol groups free for the immune recognition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for monitoring bisphenol-A in canned foods and beverages

et al. 2012

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are investigated in this work for the detection of bisphenol-A (BPA), a plastic monomer and a critical contaminant in food and environment. A series of polyclonal antibodies generated in vivo using BPA-butyrate-protein conjugate and BPA-valerate-protein conjugate were evaluated on direct and indirect competitive assay formats with five competing haptens (BPA-butyrate, BPA-valerate, BPA-crotonate, BPA-acetate, and BPA-2-valerate). Two indirect ELISAs and one direct ELISA exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity for BPA were developed. The 50 % inhibition of antibody binding (IC(50)) values were 0.78 ± 0.01-1.20 ± 0.26 μg L(-1), and the limits of detection as measured by the IC(20) values were 0.10 ± 0.03-0.20 ± 0.04 μg L(-1). The assays were highly specific to BPA, only displaying low cross-reactivity (3-8 % for the indirect assays and 26 % for the direct assay) for 4-cumylphenol (4-CP), at pH 7.2. The degree of cross-reaction of 4-CP was influenced by the antibody/hapten conjugate combination, assay conditions, and the assay format. The assays were optimized for the analysis of BPA in canned vegetables, bottled water and carbonated drinks. The limits of quantification for these three evaluated sample types, based on the spike and recovery data, were 0.5, 2.5, and 100 μg L(-1), respectively.

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“…Applications of both endosulfan ULV (applied at a rate of 3 L/ha using Micronair AU5000 equipment) and endosulfan EC (generally applied at a rate of 2.1 L/ha in 30 L/ha using CP hydraulic nozzles) were assessed (Table 1) An Environdata (Warwick, QLD, Australia) meteorological station was used to record wind speed (at 2 and 5 m), wind direction, temperature (at 2.5 and 10 m), relative humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall during each trial. Endosulfan residue samples were quantified using an ELISA immunoassay technique developed by CSIRO and the University of Sydney (Lee et al, 1997; Kennedy et al, 1998). In addition, some collection devices were analyzed by the NSW Agriculture Chemical Residue Laboratory using high performance gas chromotography (GC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%