Application of nanodiagnostics in point-of-care tests for infectious diseases

Abstract

Although tremendous efforts have been put into the treatment of infectious diseases to prevent epidemics and mortality, it is still one of the major health care issues that have a profound impact on humankind. Therefore, the development of specific, sensitive, accurate, rapid, low-cost, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools is still in urgent demand. Nanodiagnostics, defined as the application of nanotechnology to medical diagnostics, can offer many unique opportunities for more successful and efficient diagnosis and treatment for infectious diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the nanodiagnostics for infectious diseases from nanoparticle-based, nanodevice-based, and point-of-care test (POCT) platforms. Most importantly, emphasis focused on the recent trends in the nanotechnology-based POCT system. The current state-of-the-art and most promising point-of-care nanodiagnostic technologies, including miniaturized diagnostic magnetic resonance platform, magnetic barcode assay system, cell phone-based polarized light microscopy platform, cell phone-based dongle platform, and paper-based POCT platform, for infectious diseases were fully examined. The limitations, challenges, and future trends of the nanodiagnostics in POCTs for infectious diseases are also discussed.

Applications of omics and nanotechnology to improve pig embryo production in vitro

“…In addition, different shapes (spherical, discoid, cylindrical, and star‐shaped) and sizes can directly influence synthesized nano‐objects behavior (Feugang, ; Jacobs & Vemuri, ; Wolfbeis, ). To date, a variety of nanosized platforms, such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and carbon nanotubes, have been used for medical purposes, especially for treatment and diagnosis of neurological diseases and cancer (Huang et al, ; Sengupta, ; Wang, Yu, Kong, & Sun, ). Frequently, nanoparticles, which are nano‐objects with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale range and of similar length (ISO, ), are based on a central core surrounded by a protective shell and an organic coating layer (i.e., polymers and peptides) that allows surface functionalization with biomolecules for the desired application (Feugang, ).…”

“…In addition, different shapes (spherical, discoid, cylindrical, and star-shaped) and sizes can directly influence synthesized nano-objects behavior (Feugang, 2017;Jacobs & Vemuri, 2017;Wolfbeis, 2015). To date, a variety of nanosized platforms, such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and carbon nanotubes, have been used for medical purposes, especially for treatment and diagnosis of neurological diseases and cancer Sengupta, 2017;Wang, Yu, Kong, & Sun, 2017).…”

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Nanodiagnostics Approaches

“…These potential of nanodiagnostics opened the door for development of portable, robust, and affordable POCs, which can detect infectious diseases very efficiently (Sharma and Bhargava 2013;Wang et al 2017;Singh et al 2017). In this direction, various innovative and efficient nanodiagnostics have been developed by researchers for infectious diseases including TB.…”

A Simple and Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV

“…On the other hand, conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and their quantitative approaches can allow direct detection of viral RNA. However, they require complex analytical instruments, expensive reagents, and considerable expertise 15 . In addition, these techniques have limitations in developing countries and field situations because of poor resources and the lack of specialized personnel.…”