Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug‐resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment

“…CRISPR/Cas9 is widely applied to study the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of different tumors and their clinical treatment. Similarly, this research focuses on topics, such as tumor genes, construction of animal tumor models, screening of genes related to drug resistance, phenotypic correlation, and cancer gene therapy . The application concept of CRISPR/Cas9 in tumor treatment‐related research is briefly summarized in Figure .…”

“…Because CRISPR/Cas9 is simple and efficient, the technique has been widely used in studies conducted on drug resistance of various types of malignant tumors. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to identify and delete the genes controlling tumor drug resistance can effectively prevent drug resistance in tumor cells . The correction or deletion of resistance‐related genes is a promising development for tumor therapy.…”

“…Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to identify and delete the genes controlling tumor drug resistance can effectively prevent drug resistance in tumor cells. 26 The correction or deletion of resistancerelated genes is a promising development for tumor therapy. Current studies on drug resistance of tumor cells using CRISPR/Cas9 in lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, urogenital tumors, and gastrointestinal tumors about chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and inhibitors were summarized in Table 2.…”

Chitosan-Based Nanogel Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin against Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…Breast cancer is well known to be the most common malignant disease in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of death among US women [1]. The main subtypes of breast cancer are identified based on the expression of hormone receptors (HR), namely, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) [2]. HR-positive breast cancer is one of the most common subtypes, which accounts for approximately 70-75% of all cases [3].…”

Receptor Mediated Delivery of Cas9-Nanobody Induces Cisplatin Synthetic Dose Sensitivity

“…The prospect of using Cas9 for gene knockdown/knockout is clearly understood and widely used, however, applications such as homology directed repair (HDR) using donor DNA templates are still in development in an in vivo setting. Having proved to be a powerful screening tool for identifying gene essentiality, Cas9 may be used to overcome chemotherapy resistance (14) and HDR precision would broaden the scope of this application. An ideal Cas9/chemotherapeutic combination would involve targeted delivery through an overexpressed receptor on cancer cells followed by knockout or correction of an oncogene, thereby maintaining or enhancing sensitivity to a small molecule chemotherapeutic.…”