Application of the Hazard Quotient Method in Remedial Decisions: A Comparison of Human and Ecological Risk Assessments

Tannenbaum, Lawrence V.; Johnson, Mark S.; Bazar, Matthew A.

doi:10.1080/713609871

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Generally speaking, if the HQ of a particular compound is > 1, that compound is likely to have toxicologic effects (Suter 1993; Tannenbaum et al 2003). Dieldrin posed the highest risk to sex reversal in the C. mydas eggs, although a worst-case HQ of 0.51 indicated that this risk was minimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health

Merwe

Hodge

Olszowy

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundPersistent organic pollutants (POPs)—such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)—and heavy metals have been reported in sea turtles at various stages of their life cycle. These chemicals can disrupt development and function of wildlife. Furthermore, in areas such as Peninsular Malaysia, where the human consumption of sea turtle eggs is prevalent, egg contamination may also have public health implications.ObjectiveIn the present study we investigated conservation and human health risks associated with the chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in Peninsular Malaysia.MethodsFifty-five C. mydas eggs were collected from markets in Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for POPs and heavy metals. We conducted screening risk assessments (SRAs) and calculated the percent of acceptable daily intake (ADI) for POPs and metals to assess conservation and human health risks associated with egg contamination.ResultsC. mydas eggs were available in 9 of the 33 markets visited. These eggs came from seven nesting areas from as far away as Borneo Malaysia. SRAs indicated a significant risk to embryonic development associated with the observed arsenic concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations of coplanar PCBs represented 3 300 times the ADI values set by the World Health Organization.ConclusionsThe concentrations of POPs and heavy metals reported in C. mydas eggs from markets in Peninsular Malaysia pose considerable risks to sea turtle conservation and human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health

Merwe

Hodge

Olszowy

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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“…An additional benefit is that the SEEM can be summarized as a probability of exceeding a TRV, based on Monte Carlogenerated means for each individual over time (Figure 2). This probability distribution is more than a simple hazard classification and is the type of information consistent with a risk assessment (Tannenbaum et al 2003).…”

Section: Examples Of Available Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatially explicit ecological exposure models: A rationale for and path toward their increased acceptance and use

Wickwire

Johnson²,

Hope

et al. 2011

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Spatially explicit wildlife exposure models have been developed to integrate chemical concentrations dispersed in space and time, heterogeneous habitats of varying qualities, and foraging behaviors of wildlife to give more realistic wildlife exposure estimates for ecological risk assessments. These models not only improve the realism of wildlife exposure estimates, but also increase the efficiency of remedial planning. However, despite being widely available, these models are rarely used in baseline (definitive) ecological risk assessments. A lack of precedent for their use, misperceptions about models in general and spatial models in particular, non-specific or no enabling regulations, poor communication, and uncertainties regarding inputs are all impediments to greater use of such models. An expert workshop was convened as part of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Project to evaluate current applications for spatially explicit models and consider ways such models could bring increased realism to ecological exposure assessments. Specific actions (e.g., greater accessibility and innovation in model design, increased communication with and training opportunities for decision makers and regulators, explicit consideration during assessment planning and problem formulation) were discussed as mechanisms to increase the use of these valuable and innovative modeling tools. The intent of this workshop synopsis is to highlight for the ecological risk assessment community both the value and availability of a wide range of spatial models and to recommend specific actions that may help to increase their acceptance and use by ecological risk assessment practitioners.

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“…The hazard quotient (HQ) or risk quotient (RQ), a commonly used risk-ranking criterion (Solomon et al 2000;Sanderson et al 2003;Zhao et al 2010), was applied as a measure of risk (Tannenbaum et al 2003) to rank antimicrobial groups. The HQ is often used as a tool to indicate the necessity for remedial action and can be used for screening and eliminating chemicals from further consideration in environmental risk assessment.…”

Section: Hazard Quotient (Hq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Ranking of Antimicrobials in the Aquatic Environment from Human Consumption: An Irish Case Study

Harris

Cormican

Cummins

2012

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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A mechanistic model is presented for determination of antimicrobial presence in the environment, using antimicrobial characteristics and Irish-specific usage data. The model simulates release of antimicrobials into the aquatic environment by integrating the effects of antimicrobial use, metabolism, degradation, and dilution. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were ranked in relation to their potential to select for resistant bacteria, toxicity (chronic and acute), and hazard quotient (HQ). The simulated mean PECs of penicillins (PEN), β-lactams (BET), tetracyclines (TET), macrolides (MAC), quinolone/fluoroquinolones (Q/F), and sulphonamides/trimethoprim (S/T) were 1.05, 0.19, 0.06, 0.07, 0.02, and 0.08 mg/m 3 , respectively. All antimicrobials, excluding Q/F, showed a low HQ (<1) indicating low toxicity. Q/F had a HQ of 1.51 indicating moderate toxicity. All antimicrobial groups expressed varying resistance formation potential with Q/F having the highest. Q/F also exhibited the lowest degradation rate. A sensitivity analysis indicated a possible role for considering metabolism during regulation of new antimicrobials as this can significantly influence PEC values. The observed results suggest that current antimicrobial use can lead to levels in the environment that may increase resistance formation. The results and limitations presented here accentuate the need for further investigation into antimicrobials in the environment and contribution to resistant strains.

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Application of the Hazard Quotient Method in Remedial Decisions: A Comparison of Human and Ecological Risk Assessments

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health

Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health

Spatially explicit ecological exposure models: A rationale for and path toward their increased acceptance and use

Risk Ranking of Antimicrobials in the Aquatic Environment from Human Consumption: An Irish Case Study

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