Applications of halide perovskites in X-ray detection and imaging

Yue, Cheng-Yang; Lou, Huiru; Yue, Cheng‐Yang; Lei, Xiao‐Wu

doi:10.1039/d1ce01575c

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…X-ray detection and imaging have been used extensively in various applications such as medical diagnostics, nondestructive inspection, security screening, and scientific research. − Although conventional semiconductors, for example, cadmium telluride (CdTe), amorphous selenium (α-Se), and silicon (Si), have been applied extensively as X-ray detectors, they suffer from small Z (atomic number), insufficient mobility lifetime (μτ), and high processing cost. − To satisfy the requirement of high sensitivity for direct X-ray detectors, it is critical to prepare superior semiconductor materials at a reasonable cost. Recently, lead-halide perovskite single crystals (SCs) with large atomic numbers and high μτ products have been considered as a strong candidate for X-ray detectors with high performance at a lower cost. − Although lead halide perovskites have made significant progress, − their practical applicability is still limited due to the usage of potentially toxic lead and inherent ion migration properties leading to baseline drift and deteriorated image resolution. ,, Metallic lead (Pb) can cause serious neurological and nephrological problems. , Therefore, it is imperative to find Pb-free solution-processed perovskite SCs to meet the demands of high-performance X-ray detectors with good imaging capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Tailor

Ghosh

Afroz

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Despite the high performance of lead-halide perovskite-based X-ray detectors, the toxicity and instability of lead require the development of lead-free perovskites for X-ray detection applications. Here, we demonstrate lead-free and environmentally friendly, all-inorganic millimeter-sized Cs2AgBiCl6 double perovskite single crystal (SC) for X-ray detection and imaging. The high dark resistivity (3.1 × 1010 Ω cm), high carrier mobility-lifetime product (5.36 × 10–4 cm2 V–1), and lower trap density (1.18 × 109 cm–3) in these double perovskite SCs render them a potential material for X-ray detection. The fabricated vertical structured X-ray detector exhibits a sensitivity of 325.78 μC Gy air–1 cm–2 and a limit of detection of 241 nGy s–1. Additionally, the Cs2AgBiCl6 SCs exhibit self-powered X-ray detection at zero bias with a sensitivity of 7 μC Gy air–1 cm–2. Moreover, the fabricated perovskite X-ray detector exhibits a stable and robust performance under continuous X-ray irradiation and long-term ambient storage. Further, we demonstrated the imaging capability of the Cs2AgBiCl6 X-ray detector using a metal test object and obtained a distortion-free image. Our findings demonstrate that the Cs2AgBiCl6 single crystal-based X-ray detectors have great potential as practical X-ray detectors and imaging for medical radiography.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Tailor

Ghosh

Afroz

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…In this regard, organic–inorganic hybrid metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a potential candidate for high-performance X-ray detectors owing to their large radiation detection efficiency, high sensitivity, large mobility-lifetime (μτ) product, and overall low-cost fabrication process. − Especially, perovskite single crystals with a large μτ product and high resistivity have drawn significant attention due to their high sensitivity and ability to detect very low dose X-rays. , Despite the high X-ray sensitivity of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite single crystal detectors, their low ambient stability and ionic migration cause instability, resulting in excess noise and large dark current limiting their performance. , Consequently, decreasing the dark current and suppressing ion migration will achieve a low LOD, high sensitivity, and stable performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10−14 Especially, perovskite single crystals with a large μτ product and high resistivity have drawn significant attention due to their high sensitivity and ability to detect very low dose Xrays. 15,16 Despite the high X-ray sensitivity of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite single crystal detectors, their low ambient stability and ionic migration cause instability, resulting in excess noise and large dark current limiting their performance. 17,18 Consequently, decreasing the dark current and suppressing ion migration will achieve a low LOD, high sensitivity, and stable performance.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Highly Stable X-ray Detection and Imaging using 2D (BA)₂PbI₄ Perovskite Single Crystals

et al. 2022

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Organic–inorganic hybrid metal-halide perovskites have emerged as potential semiconductors for high-performance X-ray detection owing to their large radiation stopping power, high sensitivity, large mobility-lifetime (μτ) product, and facile fabrication strategies. In recent times, two-dimensional (2D) layered perovskite-based X-ray detectors have attracted significant attention owing to their superior ambient and thermal stability, reduced ion migration, and low defect density. Notably, in 2D perovskites, the larger organic amine spacer integrated alternately between inorganic lead halide octahedral layers can effectively restrict ion migration even for higher bias voltages in X-ray detection. In this work, we have fabricated centimeter-sized high-quality butyl amine organic spacer-incorporated n = 1 layered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase (BA)2PbI4 2D perovskite single crystals using a conventional slow cooling method and demonstrated their X-ray detection and imaging applications. The (BA)2PbI4 single crystal detector exhibits an excellent X-ray performance with a sensitivity of 148 μCGy–1 cm–2 at 10 V mm–1 applied electric field, an ultralow detection limit less than 241 nGy s–1, a very low and stable dark current (20.52 pA), and a quick response time of ∼4 ms. Moreover, the fabricated devices have shown remarkably stable responses for continuous X-ray exposure over 60 min and ultrahigh storage stability of over 4 months, confirming the material robustness and stability. Finally, high-resolution X-ray imaging is demonstrated using these (BA)2PbI4 single crystal-based detectors. The exceptional operational stability and high performance of (BA)2PbI4 X-ray detectors make them promising candidates for low-dose X-ray detection and imaging applications.

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“…The smaller is the pixel size, the larger is the crosstalk from the adjacent pixels. Furthermore, the optoelectronic coupling between the photon-sensitive semiconductor and substrate has a [166] Copyright 2022, Royalty Society of Chemistry. c) The carrier transport in MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 SC along different directions parallel or perpendicular to the inorganic layer.…”

Section: Single Pixel Detector For Imaging By Point-to-point Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next‐Generation X‐Ray Detectors

Feng

Yang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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In the past decade, metal halide perovskite (HP) has become a superstar semiconductor material due to its great application potential in the photovoltaic and photoelectric fields. In fact, HP initially attracted worldwide attention because of its excellent photovoltaic efficiency. However, HP and its derivatives also show great promise in X-ray detection due to their strong X-ray absorption, high bulk resistivity, suitable optical bandgap, and compatibility with integrated circuits. In this review, the basic working principles and modes of both the direct-type and the indirect-type X-ray detectors are first summarized before discussing the applicability of HP for these two types of detection based on the pros and cons of different perovskites. Furthermore, the authors expand their view to different preparation methods developed for HP including single crystals and polycrystalline materials. Upon systematically analyzing their potential for X-ray detection and photoelectronic characteristics on the basis of different structures and dimensions (0D, 2D, and 3D), recent progress of HPs (mainly polycrystalline) applied to flexible X-ray detection are reviewed, and their practicability and feasibility are discussed. Finally, by reviewing the current research on HP-based X-ray detection, the challenges in this field are identified, and the main directions and prospects of future research are suggested.

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Applications of halide perovskites in X-ray detection and imaging

Abstract: X-ray detection plays an extremely significant function in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, safety testing, scientific research, environmental monitoring and other practical applications. However, conventional inorganic semiconductors such as amorphous selenium,...

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Efficient and Highly Stable X-ray Detection and Imaging using 2D (BA)₂PbI₄ Perovskite Single Crystals

Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next‐Generation X‐Ray Detectors

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Applications of halide perovskites in X-ray detection and imaging

Abstract: X-ray detection plays an extremely significant function in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, safety testing, scientific research, environmental monitoring and other practical applications. However, conventional inorganic semiconductors such as amorphous selenium,...

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs2AgBiCl6 Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs2AgBiCl6 Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Efficient and Highly Stable X-ray Detection and Imaging using 2D (BA)2PbI4 Perovskite Single Crystals

Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next‐Generation X‐Ray Detectors

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Product

Resources

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Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Self-Powered X-ray Detection and Imaging using Cs₂AgBiCl₆ Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Efficient and Highly Stable X-ray Detection and Imaging using 2D (BA)₂PbI₄ Perovskite Single Crystals