Applying Participatory Rural Appraisal to Unlock Gender Group Differences in Some Communities in Rural Cameroon

Balgah, Roland Azibo

doi:10.9734/ajaees/2016/28327

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The sex of the household head can also influence membership decision. As confirmed by Abebaw and Haile (2013), male-headed households are more likely to participate in agricultural cooperatives than female-headed households, since men generally undertake less reproductive functions (Balgah, 2016).…”

Section: What Drives Farmers' Decision To Join Cooperatives?mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The North West region of Cameroon is largely agricultural, and is still a major coffee producing region in Cameroon (Balgah, 2016). The North West Cooperative Association (NWCA) located at the heart of Bamendathe regional capital is the most important coffee farmers' cooperative in the region.…”

Section: Brief Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean coffee farm size of 6Ha is slightly deceptive. This would even be smaller, considering that (1)coffee is just one crop cultivated in the dominantly complex, mixed farming systems characteristic of North West Cameroon; the cultivated plots are under different property rights regimes (traditional versus legal; owned, rented, leased, etc), largely biased against women and the cultivation of permanent crops such as coffee (Balgah, 2016).The rich mean experience (25 years) continues to be an endogenous asset for coffee production in the research region.…”

Section: Figure 1 Educational Achievement Of Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Coffee Farmers’ Decisions to Join Cooperatives

Balgah¹

2018

SAR

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The role of cooperatives in buffering the effects of imperfect markets on smallholder agriculture especially in developing countries has been widely atoned. However, and in spite of eminent advantages, not all smallholder farmers join cooperatives. We use empirical data from coffee farmers in Northwestern Cameroon to identify key factors driving coffee farmers’ decisions to join or not to join a cooperative. Using a standardized questionnaire, data was collected from 140 randomly selected farmers (members and non-members) in contact with North West Cooperative Association Limited (NWCA). Data collection took place in January 2018, with 2017 as the reference period. We use the data to characterize the coffee sector in the region, and to identify key drivers for cooperative membership. 41.4% and 58.6% were NWCA members and nonmembers respectively. The area of land under coffee cultivation, dominant income source, household size, experience in coffee farming, and timely payment of farmers’ dues by the cooperative were the key factors influencing coffee farmers’ decision to join the cooperative or not (P=0.05). Identifying such drivers from farmers’ perspectives and informing policy decisions can increase competitive advantage of smallholder farmers and reduce the effects of market imperfection, as embedded in cooperative concept. This should render the concept once more attractive and portray it as a rational option to many smallholder farmers.

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Section: What Drives Farmers' Decision To Join Cooperatives?mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Brief Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Educational Achievement Of Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Coffee Farmers’ Decisions to Join Cooperatives

Balgah¹

2018

SAR

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“…However, because gender roles are context -specific, different strategies (and analytical tools) may be necessary to achieve equitable outcomes for women and men in different environments [1,3]. An understanding of gender relations, issues and roles allows development agents to carry out social and economic development in a manner that they address different practical and strategic needs of men and women, and other gender groups such as boys and girls [3,4]. For this to happen, gender analysis should precede development efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender analysis therefore not only uncovers underlying reasons for any socially constructed roles and differences between gender groups particularly between men and women. It also allows development efforts to better address gaps for different groups in society [4]. In order words, gender analysis is done on the premise that even rural communities are not completely homogenous in terms of development needs; but remain collectives of physical homogeneity built on need diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gender Analysis of Intra-Household Division of Labor in Cameroon Using Moser’s Triple Roles Framework

Balgah

Amungwa

Egwu

2019

AJAEES

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The relevance of intra-household division of labor for overall household wellbeing is common knowledge, especially among development practitioners from the developing world. While division of labor acquired a newer impetus as a consequence of a strong and emerging gender narrative a few decades ago, its momentum seems to have been torpedoed by the comfort of gender mainstreaming; reducing the role of gender analyses in agricultural extension and sustainable development initiatives. We briefly revisit the gender evolution, and empirically apply Caroline Moser’s triple roles framework in order to rekindle the role of gender analyses in understanding and promoting targeted extension services and sustainable development. A cross sectional, empirical survey was carried out in the North West region of Cameroon from 7-30 October 2014. Two rural and urban divisions were purposively selected. One division had difficult road access, while the other was fairly accessible. Eight villages (four rural and four urban ones) were randomly selected from both divisions. Gender analyses using Moser’s triple roles framework were carried out separately in all villages, with groups of 30-35 self-selected men and women, facilitated by trained enumerators; and complemented with focused group discussions and key informant interviews. Wide differences between the productive, reproductive and socio-cultural roles in rural and urban communities were unveiled; with even stronger differences between men and women based on gendered results. As expected, more women were engaged in reproductive activities than men, irrespective of setting. Strong bias against women evident in the gender literature was not reported. The results emphasize the implications of regular gender analyses for development effectiveness. There is need for consistent gender analysis as prelude to improving agricultural extension initiatives, achieving gender balanced sustainable development of rural and urban areas in developing countries and upgrading development effectiveness. Context-specific aspects should be considered in informing gender based development actions and policy.

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The simultaneous impact of access to credit and cooperative services on cocoa productivity in South-western Nigeria

Ozcan

Ogundeji

2022

Agric & Food Secur

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Background Cocoa contributes immensely to Nigeria’s economy; it is about 40% of agricultural exports and it is the main source of livelihood for over 200,000 rural households. However, its productivity has remained low in recent years compared to other cocoa-producing countries such as Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana. Low cocoa productivity is attributed to many factors, which include lack of access to credit and cooperative services. However, empirical information on the simultaneous impact of credit access and membership of cooperative society on cocoa productivity is still very scanty. This paper aims at evaluating the impacts of access to credit service, cooperative service, and simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services on cocoa productivity in South-western Nigeria. Method A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 300 cocoa farmers for the study. The endogenous switching regression (ESRM) and the inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) models were used to analyse the data. Results In terms of simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services, age, education, gender, and size of household significantly influence the probability of farmers having simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services. The results of the second stage of the ESRM showed that age, size of household, years of education, and years of experience significantly influence cocoa productivity among farmers who have access to credit and cooperative services. However, age, size of household, size of farm and asset significantly influence the productivity of farmers who do not have access to credit and cooperative services. Average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) revealed that farmers who simultaneously have access to credit and cooperative services achieve significantly higher productivity than farmers who have access to either credit or cooperative services and the set of farmers who do not have access to either credit or cooperative services. Conclusion The study concluded that simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services positively impacted cocoa productivity. Farmers who have simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services achieve significantly higher productivity than farmers who have access to either credit or cooperative services or those that do not have access to these services at all. The study recommends that any agricultural productivity-targeted programmes in Nigeria consider farmers’ simultaneous access to credit and cooperative services.

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Applying Participatory Rural Appraisal to Unlock Gender Group Differences in Some Communities in Rural Cameroon

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Factors Influencing Coffee Farmers’ Decisions to Join Cooperatives

Factors Influencing Coffee Farmers’ Decisions to Join Cooperatives

A Gender Analysis of Intra-Household Division of Labor in Cameroon Using Moser’s Triple Roles Framework

The simultaneous impact of access to credit and cooperative services on cocoa productivity in South-western Nigeria

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