“…Many approaches to couple LMS with other applications have been proposed, since defining LMS from scratch based on service-oriented architectures (Al-Smadi & Gütl, 2010;Casquero, Portillo, Ovelar, Benito, & Romo, 2010), including web services layers within the LMS infrastructure (Severance, Hardin, & Whyte, 2008;Conde, García, Casany, & Alier, 2010) or providing support for interoperability specifications (Leal & Queirós, 2011b).…”