Approximate Analytical Analysis of Unsteady MHD Mixed Flow of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Surface

Abstract

This paper analyses the two-dimensional unsteady and incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. The nanofluid formulated in the present study is TiO2 + Ag + blood, and TiO2 + blood, where in this combination TiO2 + blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood represents the hybrid nanofluid. The aim of the present research work is to improve the heat transfer ratio because the heat transfer ratio of the hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of the base fluid. The novelty of the recent work is the approximate analytical analysis of the magnetohydrodynamics mixed non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. This type of combination, where TiO2+blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood is the hybrid nanofluid, is studied for the first time in the literature. The fundamental partial differential equations are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the guide of some appropriate similarity transformations. The analytical approximate method, namely the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM), is used for the approximate analytical solution. The convergence of the OHAM for particular problems is also discussed. The impact of the magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity parameter, stretching surface parameter and Prandtl number is interpreted through graphs. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are explained in table form. The present work is found to be in very good agreement with those published earlier.

RETRACTED: Riga stretched surface embedded in three-dimensional nano- Carreau fluid with non-uniform heat source/sink possessions: Symmetry analysis

“…With the assistance of computational methods, we can solve these equations, but the calculations are lengthy. Thus, by reducing the PDEs into ODEs, we implemented the transformations [6][7][8][9][10] that handled this problem in an appropriate way. The physical accuracy of the mathematical model was basically maintained by this method.…”

“…Additionally, Zhang et al [5] conducted an investigation on the flow of a hybrid nanofluid containing tantalum and nickel nanoparticles, considering 2D-MHD effects. It has been observed in previous studies [6][7][8][9][10] that nanoparticles modify the rheology of fluids due to their higher thermal conductivity compared to conventional fluids. Nanoparticles have garnered significant interest from researchers due to their ability to interact with bulk materials at the atomic or molecular level.…”

Unsteady hybrid nanofluid ($$UO_2$$, MWCNTs/blood) flow between two rotating stretchable disks with chemical reaction and activation energy under the influence of convective boundaries

“…reac. Heat transfer Mass transfer Kashi’ie et al 47 Yes Yes No No No Yes No Rehman and Salleh 48 Yes Yes No No No Yes No Gandhi and Sharma 49 Yes No No No No Yes No Present study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes …”

Analytical analysis and heat transfer of CuO and MgO engine oil base nanofluid with the influence of dynamic viscosity, magnetic field, and convective boundary conditions

“…Rehman et al [38] examined how heat transport and magnetohydrodynamic viscous dissipation in hybrid nanofluids within a rotating system between two surfaces are affected by Marangoni convection. Rehman et al [39] investigated the analytical approximation for non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid in an unstable MHD mixed flow across a stretched surface. Rehman et al [40] analyzed the hybrid nanofluid's time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic flow around a spinning sphere.…”