Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes

Mock, Josef; Bobinger, Marco; Bogner, Christian; Lugli, Paolo; Becherer, Markus

doi:10.3390/nano8100767

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…It could be observed (see supporting video 1) that the traces were peeled off after the first adhesion test. This is an expected result for non-protected nanostructures because adhesion is a common problem [44] but it can be easily enhanced by protecting the printed silver lines using a thin coating layer (i.e., PMMA or sputtering of evaporating oxides) on top of it [45]. To retain the stretchability of the conducting material, the silver lines can also be sandwiched in PDMS using a PDMS-based encapsulation [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables

et al. 2018

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The necessity to place sensors far away from the processing unit in smart clothes or artificial skins for robots may require conductive wirings on stretchable materials at very low-cost. In this work, we present an easy method to produce wires using only commercially available materials. A consumer grade inkjet printer was used to print a wire of silver nanoparticles with a sheet resistance below 1 Ω/sq. on a non-pre-strained sheet of elastic silicone. This wire was stretched more than 10,000 times and was still conductive afterwards. The viscoelastic behavior of the substrate results in a temporarily increased resistance that decreases to almost the original value. After over-stretching, the wire is conductive within less than a second. We analyze the swelling of the silicone due to the ink’s solvent and the nanoparticle film on top by microscope and SEM images. Finally, a 60 mm long stretchable conductor was integrated onto wearables, and showed that it can bear strains of up to 300% and recover to a conductivity that allows the operation of an assembled LED assembled at only 1.8 V. These self-healing wires can serve as wiring and binary strain or pressure sensors in sportswear, compression underwear, and in robotic applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables

et al. 2018

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“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed at a base pressure of 5 × 10 −10 mbar with a monochromatic aluminium Kα anode as x-ray source, at an operating power of 350 W. The high-resolution spectra were acquired using a SPECS Phoibos hemispherical analyser from SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH (Berlin, Germany) at a pass-energy of 20 eV with an energy resolution of 0.05 eV. As described in previous publications [45,46], the raw data were processed using the software CasaXPS from Casa Software Ltd. (Teignmouth, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications

et al. 2019

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In this article, we report on an efficient post-treatment protocol for the manufacturing of pristine single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. To produce an ink for the deposition, the SWCNTs are dispersed in an aqueous solution with the aid of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivative as the dispersing agent. On the basis of this SWCNT-ink, ultra-thin and uniform films are then fabricated by spray-deposition using a commercial and fully automated robot. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we show that the CMC matrix covering the CNTs can be fully removed by an immersion treatment in HNO3 followed by thermal annealing at a moderate temperature of 100 °C, in the ambient air. We propose that the presented protocols for the ink preparation and the post-deposition treatments can in future serve as a facile and efficient platform for the fabrication of high-quality and residual-free SWCNT films. The purity of SWCNT films is of particular importance for sensing applications, where residual-induced doping and dedoping processes distort the contributions from the sensing specimen. To study the usability of the presented films for practical applications, gas sensors are fabricated and characterized with the CNT-films as the sensing material, screen printed silver-based films for the interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure, and polyimide as a flexible and robust substrate. The sensors show a high and stable response of 11% to an ammonia (NH3) test gas, at a concentration of 10 ppm.

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“…With a slight addition of processing complexity in the system, the stability and electrical properties of MNW/encapsulant composites can be improved significantly. These encapsulants have been demonstrated using solution processing [ 36–48 ] or as a combination with vapor deposition, [ 35,49–53 ] each with their own advantages and tradeoffs. For example, transparent film heaters (TFHs) need very high temperature resiliency, while solar cell electrodes need good charge‐transfer characteristics between the active layer and the MNWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

et al. 2020

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Metal nanowire (MNW)‐based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low‐cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano‐ to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW‐encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.

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Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes

Cited by 18 publications

References 89 publications

Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables

Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables

A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

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