Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

Patil, Jatin J.; Chae, Woo Hyun; Trebach, Adam; Carter, Ki-Jana; Lee, Eric; Sannicolo, Thomas; Grossman, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1002/adma.202004356

Cited by 105 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(266 reference statements)

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“…While AgNW networks appear very promising for many applications, their chemical, thermal and electrical instabilities constitute crucial drawbacks for their efficient integration as transparent electrodes within devices [43,65]. In our previous studies, oxide coatings, including zinc oxide (ZnO) [32,46], alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) [66] and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [67], deposited by AP-SALD were investigated to protect AgNW networks.…”

Section: Influence Of Thin Oxide Coating On Agnw Network Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

et al. 2021

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been intensively investigated in recent years. Thanks to their attractive physical properties in terms of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, as well as their mechanical performance, AgNW networks are promising transparent electrodes (TE) for several devices, such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens or light-emitting devices. However, morphological instabilities, low adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and ageing issues may limit their broader use and need to be tackled for a successful performance and long working lifetime. The aim of the present work is to highlight efficient strategies to optimize the physical properties of AgNW networks. In order to situate our work in relation to existing literature, we briefly reported recent studies which investigated physical properties of AgNW networks. First, we investigated the optimization of optical transparency and electrical conductivity by comparing two types of AgNWs with different morphologies, including PVP layer and AgNW dimensions. In addition, their response to thermal treatment was deeply investigated. Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO2) protective films deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD) were compared for one type of AgNW. We clearly demonstrated that coating AgNW networks with these thin oxide layers is an efficient approach to enhance the morphological stability of AgNWs when subjected to thermal stress. Finally, we discussed the main future challenges linked with AgNW networks optimization processes.

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Section: Influence Of Thin Oxide Coating On Agnw Network Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

et al. 2021

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“…For instance, for the former route, [6][7][8][9] micro/nano-structure metals such as metal nanochains have been fabricated as an alternative to solve high density issue of bulk metals. However, their high surface energy will lead to agglomeration and is adverse to well dispersibility, [12][13][14] thus deteriorating EM wave absorption performance. Besides, high specific surface area of nanometals provide them more chance to be exposed to air and oxidized, leading to poor chemical stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Ni Foam‐Based Ultra‐Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

Qin

Zhang

Zhao

2021

Adv Funct Materials

298

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Skin effect and high density are the main reasons that restrict the search of lightweight and high-performance metal-based electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials. Although nanostructured metal materials have been fabricated to solve above problems, poor dispersibility and chemical stability issues brought about by high surface energy due to existing nano-size effect. In this work, lightweight Ni foam with NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 in situ growth composites are fabricated by a facile and universal route as an effective alternative to high-performance metal-based EM wave absorber. Impressively, it is found that the foam structure and NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 /Ni components can synergistically boost EM wave absorption capacity. In detail, impedance matching from foam structure and energy dissipation from interfacial polarization and defect induced polarization provided by NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 mainly contributes to its ultra-broadband EM wave absorption performance. As a result, the as-prepared sample (0.06 g•cm −3 ) delivers a wide absorption bandwidth of 14.24 GHz and thin thickness of 0.6 mm, as well as, high specific effective absorption bandwidth of 19444.4 GHz•g −1 •cm −2 . This work sheds light on the novel view on the synergistic effect of structure and components on EM wave absorption behaviors and demonstrates a new pathway for preparation of lightweight and high-performance metal-based EM wave absorbers.

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“…However, indium is an expensive and toxic rare earth metal, which limits the sustainability of ITO ( Muchuweni et al, 2016a ; Muchuweni et al, 2016b ; Muchuweni et al, 2017a ; Muchuweni et al, 2017b ). Also, ITO is brittle; hence, not compatible with flexible substrates, and has instability issues in acidic and basic environments, which lead to device degradation ( Jeon et al, 2015 ; Patil et al, 2021 ). In addition, good quality ITO is usually prepared using complicated, expensive and high-temperature vacuum-based processes ( Lu et al, 2017 ; Muchuweni et al, 2020b ).…”

Section: Transparent Conducting Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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In recent years, carbon-based materials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have gained intensive research attention in the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, low-cost, environmental friendliness and the natural abundance of carbon. In this regard, the low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance of CNTs enables their application as alternative anodes to the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO), which is toxic, expensive and scarce. Also, the synergy between the large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity of CNTs provides both large donor-acceptor interfaces and conductive interpenetrating networks for exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. Furthermore, the facile tunability of the energy levels of CNTs provides proper energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes for effective extraction and transportation of charge carriers. In addition, the hydrophobic nature and high thermal conductivity of CNTs enables them to form protective layers that improve the moisture and thermal stability of OSCs, thereby prolonging the devices’ lifetime. Recently, the introduction of CNTs into OSCs produced a substantial increase in efficiency from ∼0.68 to above 14.00%. Thus, further optimization of the optoelectronic properties of CNTs can conceivably help OSCs to compete with silicon solar cells that have been commercialized. Therefore, this study presents the recent breakthroughs in efficiency and stability of OSCs, achieved mainly over 2018–2021 by incorporating CNTs into electrodes, active layers and charge transport layers. The challenges, advantages and recommendations for the fabrication of low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable next-generation OSCs are also discussed, to open up avenues for commercialization.

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Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

Cited by 105 publications

References 168 publications

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

Lightweight Ni Foam‐Based Ultra‐Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

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