Arachnoid Cells on Culture Plates and Collagen Scaffolds: Phenotype and Transport Properties

Lam, Cornelius H.; Hansen, Eric A.; Hubel, Allison

doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0459

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Arachnoidal tissue exists in multiple forms including membranes, dense granulation caps, and porous central cores (Kida et al, 1988). The degree of intracellular or extracellular matrix pathway involvement in transport is probably dependent on this local structure of the arachnoid tissue, but preliminary tracer studies have shown that permeabilities of low molecular weight substances in confluent monolayers parallel that of the BBB (Holman et al, 2010;Lam et al, 2011). Tight junctions crucial to the integrity of the BCB and regulation of paracellular transport have also been seen in the arachnoid cell-cell contacts with transmission electron microscopy (Hasegawa et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterization of arachnoid cell transport II: Paracellular transport and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier formation

Lam

Hansen²,

Janson

et al. 2012

Neuroscience

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterization of arachnoid cell transport II: Paracellular transport and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier formation

Lam

Hansen²,

Janson

et al. 2012

Neuroscience

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“…Because CSF bathes the arachnoid providing 5mTHF for its further development, abundant available 5mTHF in CSF may lead to overstimulation of arachnoid cell division that results in changes in tridimensional structure, and somehow, in a dysfunctional arachnoid tissue that is unable to perform its remarkable function of transporting CSF across the CBB and thus maintaining CSF flow and pressure homeostasis. 46,54,55 These events may contribute to CSF obstruction and consequently may lead to congenital HC as has been reported previously. 56 It is interesting to speculate that CSF folate imbalance may also be responsible for arachnoid granulations observed in ageing human brains considering the correlation of decreased CSF volume production, perhaps indicating drainage insufficiency, associated with dementia for example.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Altered folate binding protein expression and folate delivery are associated with congenital hydrocephalus in the hydrocephalic Texas rat

Jimenez

Naz

Miyan

2018

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Hydrocephalus (HC) is an imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion/absorption resulting in fluid accumulation within the brain with consequential pathophysiology. Our research has identified a unique cerebral folate system in which depletion of CSF 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate-dehydrogenase (FDH) is associated with cortical progenitor cell-cycle arrest in hydrocephalic Texas (H-Tx) rats. We used tissue culture, immunohistochemistry, in-situ PCR and RT-PCR and found that the in-vitro proliferation of arachnoid cells is highly folate-dependent with exacerbated proliferation occurring in hydrocephalic CSF that has low FDH but high folate-receptor-alpha (FRα) and folate. Adding FDH to this CSF prevented aberrant proliferation indicating a regulatory function of FDH on CSF folate concentration. Arachnoid cells have no detectable mRNA for FRα or FDH, but FDH mRNA is found in the choroid plexus (CP) and CSF microvesicles. Co-localization of FDH, FRα and folate suggests important functions of FDH in cerebral folate transport, buffering and function. In conclusion, abnormal CSF levels of FDH, FRα and folate inhibit cortical cell proliferation but allow uncontrolled arachnoid cell division that should increase fluid absorption by increasing the arachnoid although this fails in the hydrocephalic brain. FDH appears to buffer available folate to control arachnoid proliferation and function.

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“…Finally, we propose that the primary tumor may be releasing "unhinged" arachnoid cap cells, which were found in case 1's pathology. Arachnoid cap cells are highly secretory, [17][18][19] and we posit that these microdeposits may have the ability for aberrant secretion of fluid to form these cystic lesions. We do, however, acknowledge that longer-term follow-up is necessary to truly define the natural history of these seemingly benign lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cystic dissemination of choroid plexus papilloma: illustrative cases

Johnson¹,

Mian

Dahiya

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons

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BACKGROUND Choroid plexus papillomas are benign tumors of the choroid plexus. Although typically focal, they can metastasize. Rarely, patients may present with numerous cystic lesions throughout the craniospinal axis. OBSERVATIONS The authors present three cases of pathologically confirmed fourth ventricular World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 choroid plexus papillomas presenting with numerous cystic lesions throughout the craniospinal axis. Two cases were treated with only resection of the fourth ventricular mass; one was treated with a partial cyst fenestration. During follow-up, there was only mild interval growth of the cystic lesions over time, and all patients remained asymptomatic from their cystic lesions. The authors summarize five additional cases of cystic dissemination in the published literature and discuss hypotheses for the pathophysiology of this rare presentation. LESSONS Choroid plexus papillomas may present with numerous, widely disseminated cystic lesions within the craniospinal axis. Thus, the authors recommend preoperative and routine imaging of the entire neuroaxis in patients with choroid plexus tumors, regardless of WHO grade. Although the role of adjuvant therapy and cyst fenestration in the treatment of these lesions remains unclear, watchful waiting may be indicated, especially in asymptomatic patients, because the lesions often demonstrate slow, if any, growth over time.

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Arachnoid Cells on Culture Plates and Collagen Scaffolds: Phenotype and Transport Properties

Abstract: Cells isolated from the anterior brain stem exhibited the same phenotype as those found in the native tissue and exhibited aspects of barrier function found in vivo. These studies suggest that an ex vivo model for the arachnoid granulation can be developed.

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

The characterization of arachnoid cell transport II: Paracellular transport and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier formation

The characterization of arachnoid cell transport II: Paracellular transport and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier formation

Altered folate binding protein expression and folate delivery are associated with congenital hydrocephalus in the hydrocephalic Texas rat

Cystic dissemination of choroid plexus papilloma: illustrative cases

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