Archipelagoes and Theories of Insularity

Ås, Stefan; Bengtsson, Jan; Ebenhard, Torbjörn

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3524-9_6

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The main island of Åland is about 90,000 ha in size and supports a diverse number of habitats compared with the small islands (8–29 ha) sampled. Although sampling was only carried out in moist, spruce‐dominated lush forest patches on both the main and small islands [thereby excluding the habitat diversity hypothesis for increased species richness, see Ås et al . (1997)], main island sites were in close proximity to many different habitat types from where tourist and dispersing species penetrate the study sites accidentally (Niemelä, 1988; Desender, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Islands in the Baltic Sea are unique because inter‐island distances are generally small, salinity is low (see Ås, 1984), and annual seasonality is pronounced (Järvinen & Ranta, 1987). Furthermore, there is a long history of research on many of these islands rendering them suitable for studies in population and community ecology and conservation (Niemelä et al ., 1985; Järvinen & Ranta, 1987; Ås et al ., 1997; Nieminen & Hanski, 1998; Saccheri et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Year‐to‐year variation in carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages on the Åland Islands, south‐west Finland

Kotze

Niemelä

2002

Journal of Biogeography

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Aims (1) To invesqigate changes in structure of carabid assemblages between sites on the main island of Aland and five small nearby islands between 1.982 and 1,999. (21 To determine whether island differences observed in one year is mirrored in another one. (3) To examine changes in abundance levels of individual carabid species on these islands since 1982. (a) To compare the proportion of flightless species on the main island of Aland with those on the small islands.Location Islands in the Baltic Sea, Finland; the main island of Aland (90,000 ha) and five small, nearby islands (8-29 ha).Methods Carabid beetles were collected, using pitfall traps, during 4 years (1. 982, 1.987, 1988 and 1999). Sampling took place in moist, spruce-dominated, lush forest patches.Results Overall, 12,1.27 individuals representing forty-six carabid species were collected; forty-one species (8580 individuals) on the main island of Aland, and thirty-one species (3547 individuals) on the small islands. Carabid assemblage structure, measured using ordination techniqqes, was consistently and significantly different between the main island and the small island sites. Carabid assemblage structure and abundances of individual species did change significantly between year-s, possibly because of a combination of climatological and habitat changes in the Aland archipelago. The six most abundant species collected on the small islands, and the three most abundant species overall, were all short-winged. Furthermore, the small islands had a higher proportion and number of short-winged species compared with the main island of Aland.Main conclusions Carabid assemblage structure was significantly different between the main island and the small islands in all years sampled, indicating that single-year studies are sufficient to demonstrate differences in carabid assemblages on Baltic islands. Small islands host a non-random proportion of species pools available on the main island of Ahnd and mainland FinlanJ. Iiappears that dispeisal to islands in the Baltic Sea is easy for carabid beetles of all wing forms, but that short-winged species are more successful colonizers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year‐to‐year variation in carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages on the Åland Islands, south‐west Finland

Kotze

Niemelä

2002

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Furthermore, Delicado et al (2010) cited that insular species were less variable genetically than continental species suggesting a more recent divergence of the former. Furthermore, there is a long history of research on many of these islands rendering them suitable for studies in population and community ecology and conservation (Niemelä et al 1985;Järvinen and Ranta, 1987;Ås et al 1997;Nieminen and Hanski, 1998). Furthermore, there is a long history of research on many of these islands rendering them suitable for studies in population and community ecology and conservation (Niemelä et al 1985;Järvinen and Ranta, 1987;Ås et al 1997;Nieminen and Hanski, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography ofTrichurispopulations isolated from different Cricetidae rodents

et al. 2012

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The phylogeography of Trichuris populations (Nematoda) collected from Cricetidae rodents (Muroidea) from different geographical regions was studied. Ribosomal DNA (Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 and 2, and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c- oxidase subunit 1 partial gene) have been used as molecular markers. The nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) 1 and 2 showed 2 clear-cut geographical and genetic lineages: one of the Nearctic region (Oregon), although the second was widespread throughout the Palaearctic region and appeared as a star-like structure in the minimum spanning network. The mitochondrial results revealed that T. arvicolae populations from the Palaearctic region were separated into 3 clear-cut geographical and genetic lineages: populations from Northern Europe, populations from Southern (Spain) and Eastern Europe (Croatia, Belarus, Kazahstan), and populations from Italy and France (Eastern Pyrénean Mountains). Phylogenetic analysis obtained on the basis of ITS1-5·8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences did not show a differential geographical structure; however, these markers suggest a new Trichuris species parasitizing Chionomys roberti and Cricetulus barabensis. The mitochondrial results revealed that Trichuris populations from arvicolinae rodents show signals of a post-glacial northward population expansion starting from the Pyrenees and Italy. Apparently, the Pyrenees and the Alps were not barriers to the dispersal of Trichuris populations.

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“…Island ecosystems differ from mainland ecosystems in their longterm isolation and their relatively low species diversity, because of the species-area effect-that is, larger land masses tend to retain more species than smaller areas (MacArthur and Wilson 1967;Å s et al 1997). Flying insects can disperse long distances, allowing them to exploit diverse habitats (e.g., Roff 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-dwelling beetle community in beech forests of Sado Island, Japan: comparison with the mainland

Ikeda

Homma

Kubota

2008

Journal of Forest Research

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Island ecosystems differ from mainland ecosystems in their long-term isolation. On Sado Island, Japan, cattle grazing in the past gradually changed forests into grasslands, thereby altering the diversity of indigenous insects. We compared ground-dwelling beetle diversity on Sado Island to that on the nearby mainland. Contrary to previous reports, the island isolation effect resulted in lower c and b diversity than on the mainland, because of the low species richness of beetles with low dispersal abilities. Few flightless beetles could invade Sado Island, even when the beech forests on the island were relatively adjacent to those on the mainland. Such a history of ecosystem formation could be the general pattern for continental-island mountain forests that were never connected to those of the mainland. We did not observe low a diversity of ground-dwelling beetles, suggesting that the cattle grazing history of the island has not changed environmental conditions for ground-dwelling beetles enough to reduce their diversity. In addition, cattle grazing increases the abundance of merdivorous insects by increasing the abundance of their food resource.

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Archipelagoes and Theories of Insularity

Cited by 25 publications

References 72 publications

Year‐to‐year variation in carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages on the Åland Islands, south‐west Finland

Year‐to‐year variation in carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages on the Åland Islands, south‐west Finland

Phylogeography ofTrichurispopulations isolated from different Cricetidae rodents

Ground-dwelling beetle community in beech forests of Sado Island, Japan: comparison with the mainland

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