Architectural and Structural Behavior Domes in Islamic Architecture (Case Study: Mosque of King Abdullah Ben Al-Hussein- Amman- Jordan)

Abstract

This research aimed at tracking and investigating the evolution and development of domes construction, design, sizes, shapes, used materials, and functions of the domes during the different eras of the Islamic architecture. To achieve the research's objectives, the study used the descriptive, analytical and historical methods to deepen and enriching understanding the value and the aesthetic features of the domes, and the used instructional methods, how they were developed from bricks, stones, to reinforced concreted covering wider spans of the mosque to provide good view to the Mihrab and to see the speaker. In addition, the research used a case study dome of Mosque King Abdullah Ben Al-Hussein to learn useful lessons from some of the tumbles in the construction of the dome during the construction and after the usage, including sound distortion and echo resulting from lack of adherence with the golden percentage, between the dome's height and width of the mosque. Finally, the research based on the review of the previous domes construction introducing some recommendations to the designers of the domes, the most important to sustain the beauty and significance of the domes without imitation of other domes rather through carefully study the internal and external constraints to reach the optimal result at cost effectiveness. Introduction:This research aims to shed light on the evolution and development of the domes in Islamic architecture, and to know forms of the domes in their appropriate structural position, either in the religious buildings or housing building. This requires following-up the historical buildings that have been found from the excavations in the previous eras and known civilizations which our Arabic and Islamic regions are rich of them. The Islamic domes are influenced by the architecture of these civilizations and nations, but at the end they took special feature specific to them. Forms and decorations of the domes were multiple in the Islamic countries, either inside or outside the dome. Multiple geometrical and plants drawings were used, in addition to the Kuranic verses. The Islamic domes have reached high level of superiority from the structured and the architectural sides and became important constructional element in covering the religious buildings.