Are result-based schemes a superior approach to the conservation of High Nature Value grasslands? Evidence from Slovenia

Šumrada, Tanja; Vreš, Branko; Čelik, Tatjana; Šilc, Urban; Rac, Ilona; Udovč, Andrej; Erjavec, Emil

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105749

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Furthermore, the ‘output’ of biodiversity or ecosystem services from a given land area is determined by a wide range of factors, only some of which a landowner can directly control. This means that outcome‐based payments (also known as results‐based payments, payments by results, or pay for success) are often viewed as riskier for landowners than action‐based ones (Burton & Schwarz, 2013; Russi et al, 2016; Ayambire & Pittman, 2021; Šumrada et al, 2021). Moreover, it may be more expensive for a regulator to monitor conservation outcomes (e.g., the number of bird species) than monitor management actions (e.g., whether a landowner has drained a wetland).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome‐based payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan

Tanaka

Hanley

Kühfuss

2022

J Agricultural Economics

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We estimate farmers’ preferences for outcome‐based (or results‐based) payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan. To this end, we use a two‐stage stated preference approach—the first stage models farmers’ decisions to adopt outcome‐based contracts using a discrete choice experiment. The second stage estimates the areas of land which farmers who choose to participate will enrol in the scheme. Based on a sample of 333 respondents, our results show that most farmers are willing to participate in outcome‐based contacts. A variety of contract attributes are found to influence farmers’ decisions on participation. However, once a farmer decides to participate, their decision on how much farmland to enrol in is likely to be influenced solely by the per‐hectare payment. Therefore, to encourage more farmers to participate and enrol more farmland, policy‐makers’ decisions on the level of payments offered are critically important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome‐based payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan

Tanaka

Hanley

Kühfuss

2022

J Agricultural Economics

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“…Ensuring that agrienvironment schemes acting in European mountain pastoral systems safeguard biodiversity is valuable for policy action and, in a broader sense, to society [50]. The spatially explicit monitoring of grassland biodiversity is therefore an essential step in that direction and it may allow a new paradigm in agri-environment schemes, such as a hypothetical resultbased scheme (RBS), for which stakeholders demonstrated openness but highlighted the lack of institutional capacity as a weakness for its large scale implementation [51].…”

Section: Discussion Spatial Pathways For the Monitoring Of Grassland Parcels Biodiversity In Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Plant Diversity to Support Agri-Environmental Schemes: Evaluating Statistical Models Informed by Satellite and Local Factors in Southern European Mountain Pastoral Systems

Monteiro

Alves²,

Carvalho-Santos

et al. 2021

Diversity

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The spatial monitoring of plant diversity in the endangered species-rich grasslands of European mountain pastoral systems is an important step for fairer and more efficient Agri-Environmental policy schemes supporting conservation. This study assessed the underlying support for a spatially explicit monitoring of plant species richness at parcel level (policy making scale) in Southern European mountain grasslands, with statistical models informed by Sentinel-2 satellite and environmental factors. Twenty-four grassland parcels were surveyed for species richness in the Peneda-Gerês National Park, northern Portugal. Using a multi-model inference approach, three competing hypotheses guided by the species-scaling theoretical framework were established: species–area (P1), species–energy (P2) and species–spectral heterogeneity (P3), each representing a candidate spatial pathway to predict species richness. To evaluate the statistical support of each spatial pathway, generalized linear models were fitted and model selection based on Akaike information criterion (AIC) was conducted. Later, the performance of the most supported spatial pathway(s) was assessed using a leave-one-out cross validation. A model guided by the species–energy hypothesis (P2) was the most parsimonious spatial pathway to monitor plant species richness in mountain grassland parcels (P2, AICc = 137.6, ∆AIC = 0.0, wi = 0.97). Species–area and species–spectral heterogeneity pathways (P1 and P3) were less statistically supported (ΔAICc values in the range 5.7–10.0). The underlying support of the species–energy spatial pathway was based on Sentinel-2 satellite data, namely on the near-infrared (NIR) green ratio in the spring season (NIR/Greenspring) and on its ratio of change between spring and summer (NIR/Greenchange). Both predictor variables related negatively to species richness. Grassland parcels with lower values of near-infrared (NIR) green ratio and lower seasonal amplitude presented higher species richness records. The leave-one-out cross validation indicated a moderate performance of the species–energy spatial pathway in predicting species richness in the grassland parcels covered by the dataset (R2 = 0.44, RMSE = 4.3 species, MAE = 3.5 species). Overall, a species–energy framework based on Sentinel 2 data resulted in a promising spatial pathway for the monitoring of species richness in mountain grassland parcels and for informing decision making on Agri-Environmental policy schemes. The near-infrared (NIR) green ratio and its change in time seems a relevant variable to deliver predictions for plant species richness and further research should be conducted on that.

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“…In proportion to the size of each landscape compartment, a different number of 400 m 2 square-shaped sampling areas were randomly localized and materialized within which the plant species present were sampled and identified using dichotomous keys 60 . The area covered by each species was estimated using the Braun-Blanquet methodology 61 which is widely used to assess the cover-abundance values 17 , 62 , 63 . The information contained in the Flora of the RBC made in La Valva et al 30 was updated and implemented through the phytosociological survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic tool for ecosystem services and disservices assessment in the urban forests of the Real Bosco di Capodimonte, Naples

Prigioniero

Paura

Zuzolo

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A tool for urban forest Ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED) assessment has been developed to visualize (i) overall ES and ED value, (ii) ES–ED trade-off and (iii) explore principal influences in ES and ED provision. The Real Bosco di Capodimonte (RBC) (Naples, Southern Italy) has been chosen as a case study. ES and ED linked to urban forest plant cover were: biodiversity, carbon storage, gross and net carbon sequestration, lessen runoff, oxygen production, air pollution removal, UV effects reduction, pollen-related allergenicity risk, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. A phytosociological survey was conducted and biodiversity value was evaluated. ES and ED were assessed by i-Tree Eco model and Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (IUGZA). Results showed that 441 different plant species occur in the RBC and the most represented genera are Quercus and Trifolium, while the largest family was Asteraceae. Carbon storage and pollution removal were highest in natural forest, while remaining ES were greater in managed forest areas. Highest value for VOCs emission and allergenicity were assigned to managed and natural forest, respectively. Managed forest scored the highest ES–ED value, while managed grassland scored the lowest. Results highlighted the greater influence of plant cover structure in overall ES and ED provision levels, and management influence considering the same type of plant cover. The model could be a valuable tool for ES and ED effective management generally applicable in urban forests.

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Are result-based schemes a superior approach to the conservation of High Nature Value grasslands? Evidence from Slovenia

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome‐based payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan

Farmers’ preferences toward an outcome‐based payment for ecosystem service scheme in Japan

Monitoring Plant Diversity to Support Agri-Environmental Schemes: Evaluating Statistical Models Informed by Satellite and Local Factors in Southern European Mountain Pastoral Systems

Holistic tool for ecosystem services and disservices assessment in the urban forests of the Real Bosco di Capodimonte, Naples

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