“…With regard to the comparison of the results of the scientific literacy assessment between the different groups of individuals analyzed, differences with statistical significance were identified in several aspects assessed in 16 of the 43 studies: ethnicity (Fives et al, 2014;Laugksch & Spargo, 1999;Mun et al, 2013;Shaffer et al, 2019); education level (Laugksch & Spargo, 1999;McKeown, 2017;Mun et al, 2015;Rundgren et al, 2010); year/grade (Özdem et al, 2010); gender (Laugksch & Spargo, 1999;Mun et al, 2013Mun et al, , 2015Shaffer et al, 2019); number of science subjects taken (Čipková et al, 2020;Laugksch & Spargo, 1999); type of institution-public/private- (Gormally et al, 2012;Nascimento-Schulze, 2006;Vizzotto, 2019); pre-test/post-test (Cartwright et al, 2020;Gormally et al, 2012); socioeconomic level (Fives et al, 2014); initial training/continuing training (Gomes & Almeida, 2016); number of failures (Vizzotto, 2019); concurrent work and study (Vizzotto, 2019); post-secondary studies (Vizzotto, 2019); continuity in studies (Vizzotto, 2019); 1st year higher education students/last year higher education students (Vizzotto & Del Pino, 2020b).…”