Are we moving toward ending SARS‐CoV‐2?

Abstract

To the Editor, In November 2019, the social media app WeChat, the platform used within China, picked up chatter between physicians about a cluster of pneumonia cases reported as an illness in patients of unknown cause. This was followed by a report to the media on December 31, 2019, by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commissioner about a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, leading to the possibility of a new coronavirus outbreak. Following this report, the World Health Organization (WHO) came into action and announced that the causative agent is a novel coronavirus and issued the initial guidelines. By January 22, 2020, it was confirmed that this novel coronavirus could transmit from human to human. On February 11, the WHO announced the disease caused by the novel coronavirus would be named COVID-19, and due to the widespread global reports of the disease by March 11, the WHO announced COVID-19 as a pandemic. 1 The causative agent of the COVID-19 is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that has spread from Wuhan, China, to the rest of the world and has been an ongoing pandemic ever since. 2 Approximately 468 million people have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and its variant of concerns (VOCs) andand its variants so far, and more than 6.0 million deaths have occurred. Human Coronavirus are classified into four major genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Of these, only the Alpha and Beta-CoVs are known to infect humans. In contrast, the Gamma and Delta-CoVs predominantly infect birds. 3 SARS-CoV-2 shares about 89% sequence identity with the other human coronaviruses. 4 The phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the SARS-COV-2 shares 89%-96% homology with the Chinese bat coronavirus (Bat-SL-CoV RaTG13, ZC45, and ZXC21), suggesting potential bat origin that was potentially transmitted to humans 2,5-7 Although the SARS-CoV-2 encodes an RNA proofreading exoribonuclease (nsp14-exon), it has accumulated multiple random mutations over the viral genome during global transmission and led to different variants across the globe. 8,9 The first SARS-CoV2variant of SARS-CoV-2, carrying the mutation at the D614G of Spike protein, emerged throughout the globe and became prevalent, suggesting a fitness advantage. 10 Later on, various variants were identified, including Alpha variant (B.1.1.7; United Kingdom), Beta (B.1.351; South Africa), Gamma (P1; Japan/Brazil), and Delta variants (B.1.617.2; India). As Delta was more transmissible than the other Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering,

Edukasi Pencegahan Malaria dan Pemantauan Anemia Serta Usaha Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 pada Masyarakat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesman Sukamaju Teluk Betung

“…COVID-19 disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 merupakan penyakit pneumonia penyebab pandemi tahun 2020. Penyakit ini pertama kali ditemukan pada Desember 2019 di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina (Mishra et al, 2022). Virus ini menginfeksi manusia dalam jumlah besar dan memberikan dampak luas secara negatif terhadap kehidupan, terutama pada kesehatan fisik dan mental manusia (WHO, 2022).…”

Genomic surveillance of omicron B.1.1.529 SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants between December 2021 and March 2023 in Tamil Nadu, India—A state‐wide prospective longitudinal study

“…Moreover, the variant has become more immune evasive, as evidenced by its ability to cause breakthrough infections, [13][14][15][16][17] which has led to the origin of many sublineages. 1,9,18 Here, we prospectively followed the omicron-infected population for viral evolution and transmission dynamics between December 2021 and March 2023 in Tamil Nadu. We also observed the evolutionary patterns of the different omicron variants, starting from the first detected case to the recently reported XBB sublineage by sequencing the S gene.…”

“…As reported earlier, major mutations were reported in the spike (S) protein, making omicron more transmissible. Moreover, the variant has become more immune evasive, as evidenced by its ability to cause breakthrough infections, 13–17 which has led to the origin of many sublineages 1,9,18 . Here, we prospectively followed the omicron‐infected population for viral evolution and transmission dynamics between December 2021 and March 2023 in Tamil Nadu.…”