Areas of endemism and distribution patterns for Neotropical Piper species (Piperaceae)

Abstract

Aim The study aimed to establish areas of endemism and distribution patterns for Neotropical species of the genus Piper in the Neotropical and Andean regions by means of parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and track‐compatibility analysis. Location The study area includes the Neotropical region and the Northern Andean region (Páramo‐Punan subregion). Methods We used distribution information from herbarium specimens and recent monographic revisions for 1152 species of Piper from the Neotropics. First, a PAE was attempted in order to delimit the areas of endemism. Second, we performed a track‐compatibility analysis to establish distribution patterns for Neotropical species of Piper. Terminology for grouping Piper is based on recent phylogenetic analyses. Results The PAE yielded 104 small endemic areas for the genus Piper, 80 of which are in the Caribbean, Amazonian and Paranensis subregions of the Neotropical region, and 24 in the Páramo‐Punan subregion of the Andean region. Track‐compatibility analysis revealed 26 generalized tracks, one in the Páramo‐Punan subregion (Andean region), 19 in the Neotropical region, and six connecting the Andean and Neotropical regions. Both the generalized tracks and endemic areas indicate that distribution of Piper species is restricted to forest areas in the Andes, Amazonia, Chocó, Central America, the Guayana Shield and the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Main conclusions Piper should not be considered an Andean‐centred group as it represents two large species components with distributions centred in the Amazonian and Andean regions. Furthermore, areas of greater species richness and/or endemism are restricted to lowland habitats belonging to the Neotropical region. The distribution patterns of Neotropical species of Piper could be explained by recent events in the Neotropical region, as is the case for the track connecting Chocó and Central America, where most of the species rich groups of the genus are found. Two kinds of event could explain the biogeography of a large part of the Piper taxa with Andean–Amazonian distribution: pre‐Andean and post‐Andean events.

Piperaceae do Parque Nacional do Viruá, Caracaraí, Roraima, Brasil

“…Gênero pantropical com cerca de 2.000 espécies (Quijano-Abril et al 2006), sendo amplamente distribuído no Brasil com ocorrência de aproximadamente 300 táxons (Guimarães et al 2013). Na Amazônia estão registradas aproximadamente 170 espécies, dos quais 17 ocorrem em Roraima (Guimarães et al 2013).…”

Flavonas, lignanas e terpeno de Piper umbellata (Piperaceae)

“…7,23,24 As espécies de Piperaceae estão sendo subdivididas em quatro gêneros, 25 sendo que os mais abundantes são Peperomia Ruiz e Pavon, com aproximadamente 1700 espécies 26 e Piper L., com cerca de 2000 espécies. 27 Muitos gêneros foram incluídos como sinonímias dentro do gênero Piper, por exemplo, Arctottonia Trel., Macropiper Miq., Pothomorphe Miq., Ottonia Spreng., e Trianaeopiper Trel. 28 A espécie Piper umbellata, anteriormente classificada como Potomorphe umbellata, 29 conhecida popularmente no Brasil como pariparoba, caapeba, capeba e malvisco é uma planta arbustiva, de ocorrência pantropical, que chega a medir aproximadamente 3 m de altura.…”

Construction of a cDNA library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags in Piper hainanense

“…Interestingly, it is also called "black pepper" because of its peppercorn's color. With around 2 000 species, Piperaceae (genus Piper) is the largest family of the basal angiosperms (Quijano et al, 2006). Through our long-term resources introduction and evaluation, we screened out some good quality attributes such as Piper flaviflorum, Piper hainanense, Piper sinense.…”