IntroductionNasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers originate from the upper region of pharynx, occurs in both men and women among worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment strategy, still patients are suffering from therapy failure, tumor recurrence and metastasis.According to the concept of cancer stem cell theory, tumors are heterogeneous and they contain small subpopulation of cells, which have indefinite life span, are termed as cancer stem cells. These cancer stem cells play a major role in tumorigenesis and also responsible for resistance to cancer therapies and tumor recurrence (Kawasaki et al., 2008). Several studies showed that cancer stem cells are highly self-renewal, possess differentiation potential, express stem cell surface proteins (e.g., CD24, CD44 and CD133), chemo-and apoptosis resistance. However, the molecular mechanism and signaling pathways behind the cancer stem cells mediated tumorigenesis is not clear. So far, studies in different cancers showed that Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling play a crucial role in self-renewal and maintenance of cancer stem cells. Notch signaling is highly activated in cancer stem cells and thus leads to the over expression of stem cell proteins which contributed to rapid propagation of cancer stem cells (Pannuti et al., 2010;Wang et al., 2005;Zhang et al., 2010;Teng et al., 2010;Bao et al., 2006). Studies also demonstrated in nasopharyngeal carcino-ma cell line that inactivation of Notch signaling leads to increased sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma side
AbstractActivation of Notch signaling pathway in cancer stem cells plays a crucial role in the regulation of self-renewal and maintenance of side population cells. In the present study, we have identified cancer stem like 2.7% side population cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples whose prevalence was significantly reduced to 0.3% upon verapamil treatment. The protein level of Notch1 and Hes-1 are highly up-regulated in fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified side population cells and thus leads to the elevated expression of stem cell surface proteins (Oct-4, Sox2 and Nanog), which are essential for side population cells self-renewal. In addition, these nasopharyngeal carcinoma side population cells are CD133 and CD44 positive and they possess enhanced cell proliferation rate, highly tumorgenic and invasive. Our findings suggest that Notch1 signaling is a potential target of novel anticancer drugs, which could efficiently target and eradicate the cancer stem cells.
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