Artificial Astrocyte Networks, as Components in Artificial Neural Networks

Sajedinia, Zahra

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08123-6_26

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Second, more realistic models of tripartite networks can be developed. For example, some studies show that astrocytes also form a network and communicate through calcium waves [ 9 , 45 ]. This calcium signaling in astrocytes is controlled by synaptically evoked neurotransmitters such as ATP, GABA, and glutamate [ 9 , 46 ].…”

Section: General Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third possibility is related to artificial intelligence. In the past few years, very simple models of astrocytes were successfully added to artificial neural networks [ 24 , 33 , 34 , 48 ]. The astrocyte model proposed in this research could provide new insights on designing more biologically accurate models of artificial astrocytes in artificial neural networks.…”

Section: General Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, evidence has been gathered that astrocytes affect the dynamics of neural populations [ 21 ], which could modulate neural plasticity [ 22 ]. One possible explanation for these observations is that astrocytes can operate at slower timescales than neurons [ 23 , 24 ] and thus could possibly maintain activity in postsynaptic neurons after stimulation of the presynaptic neurons has stopped. This in turn could facilitate consolidation by facilitating long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, we study the behavior of networks by using reinforcement learning rules. Since LTP in reinforcement learning relies on NMDA receptors [ 25 ], this article focuses on the slow mode of astrocyte dynamics [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, astrocytes spike in the model proposed by Haghiri et al [ 32 ]. Other models focus on the tripartite synapse and are not capturing the intercellular characteristics of astrocytes [ 24 , 33 , 34 ]. In the present work, we attempt to propose a simple biologically realistic model of astrocyte dynamics that meets these minimum requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Computational Model for Astrocytes and Their Role in Biologically Realistic Neural Networks

Sajedinia

Hélie

2018

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Recent studies in neuroscience show that astrocytes alongside neurons participate in modulating synapses. It led to the new concept of “tripartite synapse”, which means that a synapse consists of three parts: presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron, and neighboring astrocytes. However, it is still unclear what role is played by the astrocytes in the tripartite synapse. Detailed biocomputational modeling may help generate testable hypotheses. In this article, we aim to study the role of astrocytes in synaptic plasticity by exploring whether tripartite synapses are capable of improving the performance of a neural network. To achieve this goal, we developed a computational model of astrocytes based on the Izhikevich simple model of neurons. Next, two neural networks were implemented. The first network was only composed of neurons and had standard bipartite synapses. The second network included both neurons and astrocytes and had tripartite synapses. We used reinforcement learning and tested the networks on categorizing random stimuli. The results show that tripartite synapses are able to improve the performance of a neural network and lead to higher accuracy in a classification task. However, the bipartite network was more robust to noise. This research provides computational evidence to begin elucidating the possible beneficial role of astrocytes in synaptic plasticity and performance of a neural network.

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Section: General Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A New Computational Model for Astrocytes and Their Role in Biologically Realistic Neural Networks

Sajedinia

Hélie

2018

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Artificial glial cells in artificial neuronal networks: a systematic review

Alvarez-Gonzalez,

Cedron,

Pazos

et al. 2023

Artif Intell Rev

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The concept of tripartite synapses has revolutionized the world of neuroscience and the way we understand how information is transmitted in the brain. Since its discovery, some research groups have incorporated into connectionist systems classically focused on the development of Artificial Neuron Networks (ANNs) as a single element, artificial astrocytes that try to optimize performance in problem solving.In this systematic review, we searched the ISI Web of Science for papers that focused on the development of such novel models and their comparison with classical ANNs. A total of 22 papers that satisfied the inclusion criteria were analyzed, showing three different ways of applying the neuromodulatory influence of artificial astrocytes on neural networks. Using Multilayer Perceptron Networks, Artificial Neuro-Glial Newtworks and Multilayer Perceptron with Self-Organizing Maps approaches, a detailed analysis of the incorporation of artificial astrocytic networks has been carried out, and the main differences between the different methods have been weighed up. Regardless of the type of inclusion performed, the greater the complexity of the problem to be solved, it has been observed that the influence of artificial astrocytes has improved the performance of classical ANNs, as occurs in the biological brain.

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