Artist, creator, manager, entrepreneur, leader: How society perceive these identities?

Abstract

Because personal identity is one of the key elements constituting an individual, and perception of different type of identities is a key feature in identity work, we think that the research in the area of perception of artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders should bring important conclusions to the understanding of those identities. We ran a literature review and quantitative research among society representatives (n=160). The main findings of our research show that artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders are perceived differentially by society although we can find areas of similarities and important differences. The hypotheses were confirmed using chi-square test of independence dedicated to small samples which don't have a normal distribution (p<0.001): H1. Majority of the society does not recognize differences between creativity and artistry; H2. Creativity and entrepreneurship have similar perceptions among society; H3. Leadership and organizing have similar perceptions among society. The results of this research can be used to compare the identity perceived by individuals and the perception of these identities by society.

Perception of Creative Identities by Leaders and Non-leaders: Consequences for Theory and Practice of Manage-ment

“…However, developed statistics were not performed due to the relatively small sample size (n = 160). Therefore, this article displays only a fragment of the results from the research (Szostak, 2020b;2021b;2021d;2021c;2021a;Szostak and Sułkowski, 2021a).…”

Managerial identity work: A systematic literature review with a conceptual model

“…Within the MIW literature, I observe a tendency toward involving multiple industries in a study, which allows for comparing contrasting ndings or simply expanding access to potential research participants. 26% of the articles targeted various industries within a study (e.g., Corlett et al, 2019;Szostak & Sułkowski, 2021). Moreover, the healthcare industry served as a rich source of data, with nine articles focusing on this industry (e.g., Croft et al, 2015;Bresnen et al, 2019).…”

“…Although external perceptions of managerial identity have limitations due to factors such as individuals' perceptions (Wimschneider & Brem, 2019) or cultural in uence (Saavedra Llamas & Grijalba de la Calle, 2020), Szostak and Sułkowski (2021) were able to establish a list of characteristics typical for managerial identity. It is worth noting that their study is the only quantitative research included in this review.…”

“…It is worth noting that their study is the only quantitative research included in this review. The results of their questionnaire revealed that MIW is perceived as guaranteeing "e ciency, responsibility, ability to resolve con icts, ability to set goals, tendency to plan, patience and persistence in achieving goals, ability to analyze" as well as to aid in "leadership, self-con dence, and interpersonal skills" (Szostak and Sułkowski, 2021). Moreover, external perceptions about MIW can be studied through small stories, as in the research of Clifton (2014), who examined everyday workplace interactions with a discursive approach to leadership.…”

Leadership Effectiveness Among Women Entrepreneurs: The Influence of Entrepreneurial Stimulus and Industry Affiliation

“…Although the construct of a leader and an entrepreneur is ostensibly distinct, research has drawn parallels between leadership and entrepreneurship (Harrison et al, 2020). For instance, among the individual qualities of the two, umpteen have been found to be shared, ‘patience and persistence in achieving goals, ability to set goals, responsibility, self-confidence, resistance to fails and failures and courage’, to name a few (Szostak & Sułkowski, 2021). This clarifies that the disparate roles of a leader and an entrepreneur are not observed as shades of black and white but as intertwined fibres of a grey continuum.…”