As Formas De Vivência Da Competitividade Pelos Estudantes Na Graduação Em Enfermagem

Abstract

Resumo O estudo que deu origem a este artigo foi do tipo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, com o objetivo de analisar a vivência da competitividade pelo graduando de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a maio de 2015. Os sujeitos foram vinte estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de duas instituições de ensino superior de Maceió, Alagoas. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada para levantamento das informações e posterior análise temática. O referencial teórico adotado para análise dos dados partiu da concepção de competição de Caniato e Rodrigues, que tem suas bases teóricas e filosóficas na psicanálise freudiana e na teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, em especial Adorno e Horkheimer. Percebeu-se que a competitividade é parte da vivência dos estudantes por ser considerada uma característica inerente ao ser humano, que naturalmente convive com ela no sistema capitalista. Esse comportamento competitivo pôde ser aguçado na graduação de acordo com o ambiente, a personalidade/índole e situações experienciadas. Constatou-se a existência de um conflito, pois os estudantes viam a competitividade como uma necessidade ante o 'mercado' de trabalho, mas a consideravam uma característica de caráter mais negativo. Palavras-chave educação em enfermagem; comportamento competitivo; enfermagem.Abstract The study that gave rise to this article was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive one aimed at analyzing how nursing graduates experience competitiveness. Data collection took place between March and May 2015. The subjects were twenty undergraduate nursing students from two colleges in Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the information and undertake the thematic analysis. The theoretical framework used to analyze the data came from Caniato and Rodrigues' views on competition, which has its theoretical and philosophical base Freudian psychoanalysis and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, especially that of Adorno and Horkheimer. It was noted that competitiveness is part of the students' experience because it is considered an inherent characteristic of the human being, who, naturally, lives with it in the capitalist system. This competitive behavior might increase in undergraduate studies, according to the environment, to one's personality/nature, and to the situations experienced. It was noted there is conflict, since the students considered competitiveness as a necessity in view of the labor 'market,' but saw it as a more negative characteristic.

Self-reported violence by nursing students in the context of undergraduate studies

“…In the case of violence among students, competitiveness and lack of understanding, these factors are related to increased incivility, stress and, consequently, the occurrence of violent situations in the context of undergraduate teaching-learning (16,26) . This violence emerges, in large part, due to the desire of students for prominence among their peers and the desire for student recognition through academic performance, usually measured by assigning grades to the activities developed (28) . In this context, the perception of the other as a colleague/classmate may give way to competition and rivalry among students, producing violence.…”

Experiência de mentoring entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem: reflexões e ressonâncias dialógicas

“…The Program has enabled students to develop experiences of solidarity, a link between peers, and a sincere concern for the other that allow the concrete development of a collective that is not marked by competition 24 .…”

“…I am sure I will really take this sensitivity to my fellow human beings, the desire of helping them in anything I can. (Mentor O) It is necessary to contrast these resonances with the competitiveness that damages the academic environment, which, grounded on superiority and self-sufficiency, is naturalized in the discourse of many nursing students as synonymous with one's ability to overcome problems and with maintaining a distance from the other 24 .…”

“…From omissions in order to avoid competition for seats in monitoring programs, internships and exams, to self-sufficiency when students feel more qualified than their peers, thinking they are not in the same level and will not reach them, the literature shows that the experiences which pervade the daily routine of many nursing students drive them away from each other. This occurs because they see the other students as potential competitors and/or as potential means to the fulfilment of personal objectives 24 .…”

Mentoria a estratégia para ser um enfermeiro diferenciado / Mentoring the strategy to be a differentiated nurse

“…E com os passar dos anos, a competividade só aumenta, sendo necessário que os alunos comecem a pensar em sua carreira o mais rápido possível para assim ser um enfermeiro diferenciado no mercado de trabalho. Isto posto, observa-se a enorme importância de o aluno ter esta preparação durante a graduação através de mentorias, com profissionais altamente qualificados (MARTINS et al, 2017). Profissionais estes que auxiliarão, orientarão e direcionarão o aluno para o alcance de seus objetivos de forma estratégica e assertiva.…”