This study examined the association pattern of two snapping shrimp species that inhabit burrows at exposed rocky shores of the Chilean Paci¢c coast. The two species Alpheus inca and Alpheopsis chilensis were frequently found to share the same burrows. In most burrows an heterosexual pair of each species was found. A strong positive correlation between the body length of female and male conspeci¢cs cohabiting in a burrow was found both for Alpheus inca and for Alpheopsis chilensis. Similarly, a positive correlation existed between the mean body length of Alpheus inca and that of Alpheopsis chilensis occurring together in one burrow. Thus, a size-relationship between burrow cohabitants exists both in the intra-speci¢c as well as in the inter-speci¢c association of these shrimps. Most females, regardless of their reproductive stage, were accompanied by males. Within a particular burrow, females of the two species often were in the same reproductive stage, i.e. both were with embryos in a similar developmental stage, or both were without embryos. These data suggest that male and female conspeci¢cs, as well as the pairs of the two species, remain together in the same burrow for relatively long time periods. It is proposed that the intra-speci¢c communication system of snapping shrimp facilitates the development of inter-speci¢c associations, such as the one reported herein.