Aspects of the Particular Genetics of Grapes Prolonged for All Horticulture Crops

Abstract

The modern level of knowledge development in the field of fundamental sciences makes it possible to reliably investigate the processes of evolution. The purpose of our research was to determine the need to establish the existing evolutionary transformations in resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors of the biosphere in a grape plant, which may be natural for all horticulture crops, and on the other hand, based on the postulate of natural and experimental evolution, to prove the processes of natural evolution as a result of experimental breeding. The results obtained in the study of particular issues of genetics of grapes, based on the existence of general biological regularities, can be prolonged for interpretation, with reference to other horticulture crops. We studied the genetics of grapes, in particular crossability, the inheritance of signs and characteristics, the establishment of regularities in the display of selection value, and heterosis, allowing us to formulate the principles of modeling a new variety. Investigating the process of creating grape varieties that are resistant to biotic factor, it was suggested to consider it from the point of view of the coevolution of the plant and pathogen.

Agrobiological evaluations of newly introduced grapes varieties under climatic conditions of the south of Kazakhstan

“…The average daily temperature is +8.9 °C, with an absolute high of +39 °C and a low of -34.5 °C, according to average yearly statistics. Singh et al, 2018;Delrot et al, 2020;Volynkin et al, 2020;Antolín et al, 2020). Variety assortment enhancement is a normal task that involves increasing the assortment's quality and upgrading varieties (Cichi et al, 2019;Magomedov et al, 2020).…”

Biological Characteristics of Native Grape Cultivars of Crimean Region and Availability of Their Use in Breeding

“…All local varieties of Crimea belong to different ecological and geographical groups by their origin [5,9,24]. Varieties 'Misgiuli Kara' , 'Sary Pandas' , 'Shabash' belong to the eastern ecological-geographical group -convar.…”

“…In the process of evolution, native varieties of Crimea developed the properties to grow and produce good quality crops in the conditions of arid climate on poor rocky soils and on soils with a high level of salinity and liming [4,5]. Changes of climate on our planet lead to the modification of adaptability of plants to the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental factors [3,[5][6][7]. In its turn it is expressed in changes of phenology, agrobiology and crop quality parameters [8][9][10][11].…”

Crimean autochthonous grape varieties as a factor of high-quality winemaking in a changing climate

“…One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of autochthonous grape varieties adapted to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions of the historical area of growth. Among them are autochthonous varieties of the Crimea, which in the process of evolution have developed the ability to grow and yield a good quality crop in a hot arid climate on poor soils with a high level of salinity and liming [22][23]. In the last decade, there has been an expansion of industrial plantings of autochthonous varieties outside the historically established ampelocenosis (the village of Solnechnaya Dolina, eastern part of the South-Coastal zone of Crimea) [24].…”

“…The successful choice of the territory for planting a vineyard requires the disclosure of the relationship between the natural conditions of grape cultivation and the quantitative, qualitative characteristics of berries and wine products. The All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" of the RAS conducts a systematic study of the climatic plasticity of Crimean autochthonous grape varieties, the component composition and biochemical properties of berries, the potential of varieties in winemaking in conditions of various agrocenoses and in the breeding process [23,[25][26]. This article is devoted to assessing the influence of agroecological conditions on the formation of a phenolic complex in the berries of the Crimean autochthonous variety 'Kokur Belyi'.…”