Assay of Histamine on the Isolated Guinea‐pig Intestine by the Method of Superfusion

Adam, Henry M.; Hardwick, D. C.; Spencer, K. E. V.; Austin, W. T. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1954.tb01693.x

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…interval before, and a 30 sec. interval following, drug contact can be allowed without the occurrence of spontaneous contractions This is in agreement with the finding of Gaddum (1953), but is contrary to that of Adam et al (1954), the explanation possibly being associated with the low working temperature and relative insensitivity of the preparations in our experiments. No atropine has been added to the Tyrode solution in these experiments.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 35%

“…1 that the dose range used in these experiments was from 3 to 14 ng./ml., this being 3-5 times that employed by Gaddum (1953) and Adam et al (1954). It is possible that this relative insensitivity was due to the use of large guinea-pigs, as suggested by the latter authors, and to the low working range of temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It seemed to us that the superfusion method would be advantageous, for only small volumes of test solution are required; but it was first necessary to determine how the use of such small volumes was related to the accuracy obtained. The only estimates of precision for histamine assays appear to be those determined for the large-bath method by Schild (1942), for the small-bath method by Mongar and Schild (1950) and by Boura, Mongar and Schild (1954), and for the superfusion technique by Adam, Hardwick and Spencer (1954). No comparison of the precision of the small-bath and superfusion methods seems to be available, nor is there any analysis showing the limits of accuracy of superfusion assays using various quantities of test solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Test solution volumes of 0.6 ml. have been chosen by Adam, Hardwick and Spencer (1954). The absence of flowing fluid may sometimes result in a response-possibly from release of choline esters (Magnus, 1930) or from a temperature change.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Some Observations on the Method of Superfusion

Cambridge¹,

Holgate²

1954

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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In 1941 Kwiatkowski reported a new technique for the assay of histamine, the tissue being suspended in air and the appropriate fluid, with or without dissolved drug, being run over the surface of the preparation. This was a development of the method described by Gaddum, Jang and Kwiatkowski (1939) for the detection of sympathomimetic substances in the venous outflow from the perfused rabbit ear. The principle of running fluid containing an active substance over the surface of a tissue suspended in air had been first reported by Finkleman (1930).The technique described by Kwiatkowski involved the injection of 0.1 ml. of drug solution into a side-arm of the tube carrying the fluid; for histamine assay the concentration of drug required in the injected solution was in the region of 10 ng. /ml. The injection of drugs into a moving stream may lead to errors due to uneven mixing, but this has been avoided in the technique recently described by Gaddum (1953). In this method (superfusion) the flow of fluid over the tissue is interrupted for a given period, the tissue is allowed to drain and the surface is then covered with the drug solution applied from a dropping pipette. The drug is allowed to act for a given period before the flow of superfusing fluid is restarted.It is claimed that very small quantities (5 drops, 0.2 ml.) of drug solution can be used and that this amount is " a reasonable compromise between the conflicting claims of the accuracy which might be achieved with more drops and the economy which would be achieved with fewer." The concentrations of drug used for histamine assay were 1-4 ng./ml. Spencer (personal communication) has suggested that the accuracy of the assay may be improved by the use of 0.5-0.8 ml. of drug solution, this fluid being applied immediately after stopping the flow of the superfusing fluid, without any period of drainage. Test solution volumes of 0.6 ml. have been chosen by Adam, Hardwick and Spencer (1954). The absence of flowing fluid may sometimes result in a response-possibly from release of choline esters (Magnus, 1930) or from a temperature change.However, apart from the literature quoted above, there seems to be little information concerning the relationship of the volume of the test solution to the accuracy of the assay, and no direct comparison has been made of the accuracy of the superfusion method with that of the usual bath techniques.Because we were faced with the problem of assaying very small volumes of test solution, it was of interest to us to obtain information on these points. We have accordingly investigated them, using histamine and the guinea-pig ileum.With the " large-bath " method (volume 2-5 ml.), it is possible to use volumes of test solution of the order of 0.2-0.5 ml. if the concentration of histamine is sufficient to give a final concentration in the bath of 10 ng./ml. If the " small-bath" method is used, the tissue is surrounded by the undiluted test solution; the concentration required is in the region of 1-5 ng./ml., but the smallest convenient b...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 35%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Some Observations on the Method of Superfusion

Cambridge¹,

Holgate²

1954

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…The assay was performed on the superfused guinea-pig ileum (Gaddum, 1953;Adam, Hardwick & Spencer, 1954) in comparison with a standard solution of histamine acid phosphate. The results are expressed as histamine base.…”

Section: Extraction and Estimation Of Histaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of histamine in different parts of the brain and hypophysis of rabbit: effect of treatment with histidine, certain other amino acids and histamine

Abou

Adam

Stephen

1973

British J Pharmacology

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4. In conscious rabbits, intravenous infusion of histidine in the dose range 62 to 1,500 mg/kg, raised significantly (P<0-01) the concentration of histamine in all regions of the brain examined, the pattern of distribution remaining unchanged. The largest increases occurred in the mid brain (90 to 320%) and in the hypothalamus (50 to 250%); in these areas the higher doses produced higher concentrations. Elsewhere in the brain the concentration rose in response to the lowest dose of histidine, but was not increased when higher doses were given. Concentrations in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis were unaltered. 5. The infusion of histidine, unlike that of amino acid precursors, of the monoamines, produced no obvious disturbance in the animals. 6. The rise in brain histamine after dosage with histidine persisted for several hours, depending on the dose; with 500 mg/kg, the rise was virtually unchanged after 16 hours. 7. Histamine (5 mg/kg by intravenous infusion) raised the concentration of histamine in the hypophysis but not in the brain.8. After the infusion of DOPA, a-methyldopa or 5-hydroxytryptophan, the histamine concentration rose in the mid-brain but not in other parts of the brain.9. These amino acids, when infused singly with histidine, did not interfere with the histidine-induced rise of brain histamine.

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Bioassay of Standard Compounds

Sunanda¹,

Bondha²

2022

Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Assay of Histamine on the Isolated Guinea‐pig Intestine by the Method of Superfusion

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Some Observations on the Method of Superfusion

Some Observations on the Method of Superfusion

Concentration of histamine in different parts of the brain and hypophysis of rabbit: effect of treatment with histidine, certain other amino acids and histamine

Bioassay of Standard Compounds

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