Assessing background values of chloride, sulfate and fluoride in groundwater: A geochemical-statistical approach at a regional scale

Biddau, Riccardo; Cidu, Rosa; Lorrai, Mario; Mulas, Maria Gabriella

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.08.002

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In current water regulations on Earth, several procedures have been recommended to distinguish between elements of geogenic and anthropogenic origin, elucidate the spatial distribution of chemical elements, identify the source of pollution, and estimate the related risks for human health and activities. The detection of anomalies in the concentration of major and trace chemical elements is one of the main tasks in the adopted statistical approaches (Reimann et al, 2005; Biddau et al, 2017; Stefania et al, 2018). Probability plots, in combination with a data pre-selection, were proposed to graphically represent trends and discontinuities, also identifying data exceeding fixed percentile values (generally the 90th, 95th, and 97.7th percentile outliers) (Preziosi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Total Microbial Load: A Double-Threshold Identification Procedure Intended for Space Applications

Amalfitano

Levantesi

Garrelly³

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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During longer-lasting future space missions, water renewal by ground-loaded supplies will become increasingly expensive and unmanageable for months. Space exploration by self-sufficient spacecrafts is thus demanding the development of culture-independent microbiological methods for in-flight water monitoring to counteract possible contamination risks. In this study, we aimed at evaluating total microbial load data assessed by selected early-warning techniques with current or promising perspectives for space applications (i.e., HPC, ATP-metry, qPCR, flow cytometry), through the analysis of water sources with constitutively different contamination levels (i.e., chlorinated and unchlorinated tap waters, groundwaters, river waters, wastewaters). Using a data-driven double-threshold identification procedure, we presented new reference values of water quality based on the assessment of the total microbial load. Our approach is suitable to provide an immediate alert of microbial load peaks, thus enhancing the crew responsiveness in case of unexpected events due to water contamination and treatment failure. Finally, the backbone dataset could help in managing water quality and monitoring issues for both space and Earth-based applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Total Microbial Load: A Double-Threshold Identification Procedure Intended for Space Applications

Amalfitano

Levantesi

Garrelly³

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The chemical composition of groundwater is influenced by a variety of factors related to both natural causes and anthropogenic activities. Natural factors can be rainfall, chemical and biological processes in the unsaturated zone, the components of the aquifer material, the water flow, and the resulting redox environment in the aquifer (Biddau et al ). Agricultural or industrial activities can have an effect on the composition of shallow groundwater (Kellner et al ; Liesch et al ; Biddau et al ); however, it seems that the predominant process would be chemical interaction between the aqueous and the solid phase in the aquifer (Wendland et al ).…”

Section: Characterization Of Geogenic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural factors can be rainfall, chemical and biological processes in the unsaturated zone, the components of the aquifer material, the water flow, and the resulting redox environment in the aquifer (Biddau et al ). Agricultural or industrial activities can have an effect on the composition of shallow groundwater (Kellner et al ; Liesch et al ; Biddau et al ); however, it seems that the predominant process would be chemical interaction between the aqueous and the solid phase in the aquifer (Wendland et al ). The occurring types of chemical reactions depend on local geological conditions and include mineral dissolution and precipitation, redox reactions, cation exchange, sorption, and mixing (Edmunds et al ).…”

Section: Characterization Of Geogenic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium Background Levels in Groundwater in an Area Dominated by Agriculture

Kubier

Hamer

Pichler

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Cadmium is a highly toxic trace metal, which can be of geogenic or anthropogenic origin, for example, minerals, phosphate fertilizers, and combustion emissions. Due to its low sorption affinity compared to other heavy metals, Cd is easily mobilized, potentially resulting in elevated Cd concentrations in groundwater. This study assessed background levels of Cd in groundwater related to hydrogeology and hydrogeochemical processes through evaluation of a large hydrogeochemical data set composed of groundwater analyses from 6300 wells in Northwestern Germany. Calculated Cd background levels in groundwater were between 0.01 µg/L in hydrogeological units with mainly reducing conditions and 0.98 µg/L in less reducing groundwater recharge areas. The results showed that groundwater Cd concentrations above 0.5 µg/L (the German threshold value) are not necessarily elevated but could be the regional or ambient background level, depending on the hydrogeological unit. What would be considered as ambient background levels, however, indicated the influence by continuous intensive land use as well as the local geology, which is dominated by glacial deposits. Cadmium concentrations in groundwater were mainly controlled by hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological parameters and not by the amount of anthropogenic Cd input, in particular through the use of phosphate fertilizers. Instead, analyses of the solid phase revealed that Cd release from the aquifer matrix due to changes in hydrogeochemical parameters was more likely. Aquifer sediments in Northwestern Germany can be enriched in Cd originating from multiple sources, which in turn can cause elevated Cd concentrations in groundwater. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–11. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

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“…In current water regulations on Earth, several procedures have been recommended to distinguish between elements of geogenic and anthropogenic origin, elucidate the spatial distribution of chemical elements, identify the source of pollution, and estimate the related risks for human health and activities. The detection of anomalies in the concentration of major and trace chemical elements is one of the main tasks in the adopted statistical approaches (Biddau et al, 2017;Reimann et al, 2005;Stefania et al, 2018). Probability plots, in combination with a data pre-selection, were proposed to graphically represent trends and discontinuities, also identifying data exceeding fixed percentile values (generally the 90 th , 95 th , and 97.7 th percentile outliers) (Preziosi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Suitability Of Warning and Alarm Thresholds Of Water Microbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality and microbial load: a double-threshold identification procedure intended for space applications

Amalfitano

Levantesi

Garrelly

et al. 2018

Preprint

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22During longer-lasting future space missions, water renewal by ground-loaded supplies will 23 become increasingly expensive and unmanageable for months. Space exploration by self-24 sufficient space-crafts is thus demanding the development of culture-independent 25 microbiological methods for in-flight water monitoring to counteract possible contamination 26 risks. In this study, we aimed at evaluating microbial load data assessed by selected 27 techniques with current or promising perspectives in space applications (i.e., HPC, ATP-28 metry, qPCR, flow cytometry), through the analysis of water sources with constitutively 29 different contamination levels (i.e., chlorinated and unchlorinated tap waters, groundwaters, 30 river waters, wastewaters). Using a data-driven double-threshold identification procedure, we 31 identified and presented new alternative standards of water quality based on the assessment of 32 the total microbial load. Our approach is suitable to provide an immediate alert of microbial 33 load peaks, thus enhancing the crew responsiveness in case of unexpected events due to water 34 contamination and treatment failure. Finally, the backbone dataset could help in managing 35 water quality and monitoring issues for both space and Earth-based applications. 36 37 38

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Assessing background values of chloride, sulfate and fluoride in groundwater: A geochemical-statistical approach at a regional scale

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Water Quality and Total Microbial Load: A Double-Threshold Identification Procedure Intended for Space Applications

Water Quality and Total Microbial Load: A Double-Threshold Identification Procedure Intended for Space Applications

Cadmium Background Levels in Groundwater in an Area Dominated by Agriculture

Water quality and microbial load: a double-threshold identification procedure intended for space applications

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