Assessing new terminal body and facial hair growth during pregnancy: toward developing a simplified visual scoring system for hirsutism

Yang, Yu-Chih; Han, Yang; Wang, Wenjun; Du, Tao; Liu, Yu; Zhang, Jianping; Yang, Dongzi; Zhao, Xiaomiao

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.10.036

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the complex changes seen in pregnancy (including increases in human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, prolactin, numerous growth factors, and cytokines) may well contribute to the increase in the rate of hair growth, in the hair diameter, and in the anagen/telogen ratio observed in pregnant women [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Hormonal changes due to gestation may cause some new terminal hair growth mainly at the abdomen, the lower back, and the thighs [ 66 ]. Sudden and severe hirsutism and/or acne during pregnancy may be a symptom of malignant ovarian or adrenal conditions, such as luteomas or Cushing’s syndrome [ 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Hormonal Effects On Hair At Different Stages Of the Life mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

Grymowicz

Rudnicka

Podfigurna

et al. 2020

IJMS

135

109

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The hair cycle and hair follicle structure are highly affected by various hormones. Androgens—such as testosterone (T); dihydrotestosterone (DHT); and their prohormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstendione (A)—are the key factors in terminal hair growth. They act on sex-specific areas of the body, converting small, straight, fair vellus hairs into larger darker terminal hairs. They bind to intracellular androgen receptors in the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle. The majority of hair follicles also require the intracellular enzyme 5-alpha reductase to convert testosterone into DHT. Apart from androgens, the role of other hormones is also currently being researched—e.g., estradiol can significantly alter the hair follicle growth and cycle by binding to estrogen receptors and influencing aromatase activity, which is responsible for converting androgen into estrogen (E2). Progesterone, at the level of the hair follicle, decreases the conversion of testosterone into DHT. The influence of prolactin (PRL) on hair growth has also been intensively investigated, and PRL and PRL receptors were detected in human scalp skin. Our review includes results from many analyses and provides a comprehensive up-to-date understanding of the subject of the effects of hormonal changes on the hair follicle.

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Section: Hormonal Effects On Hair At Different Stages Of the Life mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

Grymowicz

Rudnicka

Podfigurna

et al. 2020

IJMS

135

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although serum glucose was slightly increased, which is in part owing to younger age, the dynamic insulin responses in the HT‐LCMS subgroup showed dramatic changes compared with those in the NT‐LCMS subgroup. In addition, the PCOS patients with IR defined by HIN, HOMA‐IR, and IFG also showed a high incidence of hirsutism (Figure ), the clinical HA diagnosed on the basis of a specific cut‐off value of mFG …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the PCOS patients with IR defined by HIN, HOMA-IR, and IFG also showed a high incidence of hirsutism (Figure 2), the clinical HA diagnosed on the basis of a specific cut-off value of mFG. 10,14 In vitro studies have shown that insulin can directly stimulate ovarian steroidogenesis and/or augment luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated androgen secretion or indirectly enhance the amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated LH pulses. According to the literature, lowering insulin levels with insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, can reduce circulating androgen levels or the bioactivity of testosterone and increase sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close correlation between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome—Based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry measurements

Yang

Ding

et al. 2018

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background To investigate the correlation between hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by measuring serum total testosterone (TT) using a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC‐MS/MS). Methods This cohort study included 332 patients with PCOS, 63 patients with IR and 276 with controls. TT levels were measured by LC‐MS/MS and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA); glucose and insulin levels were determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results Compared with CLIA, LC‐MS/MS differentiated more cases with high TT levels among the non‐PCOS subjects with IR In patients with PCOS, LC‐MS/MS‐based TT levels or a combination with the mFG score detected a significantly higher incidence of HA in subjects with IR identified by hyperinsulinemia (HIN), HOMA‐IR or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than in those without IR Conversely, the IR rates demonstrated by HIN, HOMA‐IR, or IFG were remarkably higher in the LC‐MS/MS‐defined high TT subgroup than in the normal TT subgroup. However, the CLIA platform could not discern a difference in HA incidence between IR and non‐IR subgroups or in IR rate between high and normal TT populations. ROC curves also proved that HIN, HOMA‐IR, and IFG were positive contributors to HA as measured by LC‐MS/MS Conclusions The correlation between HA and IR has always been underestimated, partly owing to the less accurate methods previously used to measure TT. HIN, HOMA‐IR, and IFG are likely to contribute to the development of HA from a clinical perspective.

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“…The subjects were divided into two groups of 30 PCOS women and 30 normal women, respectively, who were between 25 and 40 years old. The inclusion criteria were infertile PCOS women who met 2 of the 3 Rotterdam criteria: (12)(13)(14) 1) oligo-ovulation or anovulation defined as <8 menstrual cycles in the past year, 2) hyperandrogenism (hirsutism or acne), with hirsutism defined by a Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) self-reported score of >5 (for Asian), 3) polycystic ovaries (PCO) as detected by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) with 12 follicles of 2-9 mm diameter, and age 23-40 years. The controls were 30 normal women who were undergoing sterilization and/or routine VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) screening, history taking and gynecological examinations, and not suspected of suffering from PCOS (no pelvic pain, no history of dysmenorrhea or dyspareunia, normal clinical gynecological examination).…”

Section: Research Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucin-1 expression in endometrium is higher in polycystic ovary syndrome than in normal women

et al. 2020

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Background The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is caused by endocrine system dysfunction in women. MUCIN-1 (MUC-1) expression is found in endometrial tissues, which leads to implantation process dysfunction because of imbalance of trophoblast adhesion process. This study was conducted to compare endometrial MUC-1 expression between PCOS and normal women considering all existing external variables. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in General Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Endometrial samples were obtained from 30 infertile PCOS women based on Rotterdam criteria, and 30 normal women. Life style and reproductive data such as age, menstrual problems, menstrual cycle, age at menarche, and BMI were collected. Subjects underwent endometrial biopsy in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion phase LH + 5 days to LH + 10 days for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of MUC-1 expression. An independent-t and multiple linear regression test were used to analyze the data at significance level of p<0.05. Results Mean MUC-1 expression in the PCOS endometrium (49.66 ± 47.79) was significantly higher than in normal women (7.66 ± 14.55) (p=0.03). Multivariate linear regression model of life style and reproductive variables with MUC-1 showed that PCOS (b=29.54; 95% CI 9.57-49.49; p=0.004) and BMI (b= 29.99; 95% CI 5.91-54.07; p=0.001) significantly increase MUC-1 expression. PCOS (Beta=0.37) was more important than BMI (Beta=0.30) in increasing the MUC-1 expression. Conclusion Expression of MUC-1 levels in the PCOS endometrium was higher than in normal women. This suggests that MUC-1 contributes to the unexplained reproductive failure in PCOS.

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Assessing new terminal body and facial hair growth during pregnancy: toward developing a simplified visual scoring system for hirsutism

Abstract: ChiCTR-OCH-14005012.

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

Close correlation between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome—Based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry measurements

Mucin-1 expression in endometrium is higher in polycystic ovary syndrome than in normal women

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