Assessing Pasture Degradation in the Brazilian Cerrado Based on the Analysis of MODIS NDVI Time-Series

Abstract

Around 55% of all Brazilian cattle production is located in the Cerrado biome, which also contains the largest pasture area in Brazil. Previous studies indicated that about 60% of these pastures were degraded by 2010. However, up-to-date and more precise estimates are necessary to access the extent and degree of degradation of the Cerrado pastures, since these areas constitute strategic land reserves for both livestock intensification and soybean expansion. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the area of degraded pastures in the Cerrado by analyzing the trends of cumulative NDVI anomalies over time used as a proxy for pasture degradation. The generated slope surface was segmented into two classes, comprising non-degraded and degraded pastures, which were correlated with socio-economic and biophysical variables. According to our study, around 39% of the Cerrado pastures are currently degraded, encompassing 18.2 million hectares, mostly in areas with a cattle carrying capacity below 1.0 AU ha−1. These areas, distributed in the northwest Cerrado, mostly within the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Bahia (i.e., Matopiba region), tend to be associated with decreasing rainfall patterns and low investments in soil conservation practices. The degraded areas also tend to be concentrated in municipalities with low human development indices (HDI).

Analysis of Grassland Degradation in Zona da Mata, MG, Brazil, Based on NDVI Time Series Data with the Integration of Phenological Metrics

“…The effects of pasture degradation detected in this study region may influence a reduction in livestock areas, as pointed out in a recent study, despite a relative increase of 17% in pasture areas in the Brazilian territory during the 21 st century [59]. A prior study also suggested that social aspects, such as low levels of human development presented by municipalities, may influence the environmental and grassland degradation associated with decreased rainfall and the adoption of improper soil conservation practices [60].…”

Green Growth and Agriculture in Brazil

“…However, agriculture is already the major user of water in the world, accounting for 30-40% of freshwater withdrawals in the OECD countries and 70% globally. It is also a major contributor to the global emissions of greenhouse gases [11].…”

Improving Time Series Reconstruction by Fixing Invalid Values and its Fidelity Evaluation

“…Rather than a completely new method, this is a strategy that tries to reduce as much as possible the negative impacts caused by invalid data. S-G is selected as the basic filtering method since it is still widely reported in the recent literature [30], [38]- [41]. Its popularity is mainly attributed to its effectiveness in removing noise and ability to preserve the shape of peaks in the signal waveform.…”