“…For instance, the initial C/N ratios for Pinus pinaster and Pinus nigra for other conifer species are higher than our results (Klemmedson, 1992;Joseâ Moro and Domingo 2000). The C and N distribution of the surface soil layer might reflect differences in the quality and quantity of litter fall inputs, litter decomposition dynamics, and the production and turnover of fine roots, which are the principal pathways for the return of C and N to the soil (Finzi et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010). On the other hand, there are many factors which were mentioned in different sections of the manuscript and are mainly effective on soil C/N ratios such as biological activity, nitrogen use efficiency of vegetation and soil organisms, mineralization, leaching or fixation.…”