Assessing the Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease: Part 1: Methods
                        for a Systematic Review of the Global Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease
                        in 1990 and 2010

Moran, Andrew E.; Oliver, John T.; Mirzaie, Mehdi; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Chilov, Marina; Anderson, Laurie; Morrison, Janina L.; Khan, Aayla; Zhang, Nasen; Haynes, Norrisa; Tran, Jackie; Murphy, Adrianna; DeGennaro, Vincent; Roth, Gregory A.; Zhao, Dong; Peer, Nasheeta; Pichón-Riviere, Andrés; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Pogosova, Nana; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Naghavi, Mohsen; Ezzati, Majid; Mensah, George A.

doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2012.10.004

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…8,9 In brief, IHD deaths fall into 2 categories: acute myocardial infarction deaths and sudden cardiac deaths. IHD has been consistently defined as an underlying cause of death across ICD revisions (most recently ICD-10 I20–I25 and ICD-9 410–414).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IHD has been consistently defined as an underlying cause of death across ICD revisions (most recently ICD-10 I20–I25 and ICD-9 410–414). 8 A proportion of IHD deaths are erroneously assigned on death certificates to either nonfatal ICD conditions (eg, senility) or conditions not defined as an underlying cause of death (eg, heart failure, hypertension, or cardiac conduction disorders). The GBD developed methods for systematically reallocating these undefined or erroneously assigned deaths to IHD based on the total distribution of actual causes of death by the country, sex, age, and year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GBD developed methods for systematically reallocating these undefined or erroneously assigned deaths to IHD based on the total distribution of actual causes of death by the country, sex, age, and year. 8,10 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in 21 World Regions, 1980 to 2010

et al. 2014

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Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Risk Factors and Injuries 2010 Study estimated global and regional IHD mortality from 1980 to 2010. Methods and Results Sources for IHD mortality estimates were country-level surveillance, verbal autopsy, and vital registration data. Regional income, metabolic and nutritional risk factors, and other covariates were estimated from surveys and a systematic review. An estimation and validation process led to an ensemble model of IHD mortality for 21 world regions. Globally, age-standardized IHD mortality has declined since the 1980s, and high-income regions (especially Australasia, Western Europe, and North America) experienced the most remarkable declines. Age-standardized IHD mortality increased in former Soviet Union countries and South Asia in the 1990s and attenuated after 2000. In 2010, Eastern Europe and Central Asia had the highest age-standardized IHD mortality rates. More IHD deaths occurred in South Asia in 2010 than in any other region. On average, IHD deaths in South Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa occurred at younger ages in comparison with most other regions. Conclusions In most world regions, particularly in high-income regions, age-standardized IHD mortality rates have declined significantly since 1980. High age-standardized IHD mortality in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia point to the need to prevent and control established risk factors in those regions and to research the unique behavioral and environmental determinants of higher IHD mortality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in 21 World Regions, 1980 to 2010

et al. 2014

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“…3,4 The GBD also included surveys of physician- diagnosed angina reported by patient (survey respondent) or physician. The GBD captured symptomatic heart failure cases meeting Framingham criteria or inclusive of New York Heart Association class 2 or higher, or hospitalized cases with heart failure as the principal discharge diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 428, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code I50).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease in 1990 and 2010

et al. 2014

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Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) burden consists of years of life lost from IHD deaths and years of disability lived with 3 nonfatal IHD sequelae: nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and ischemic heart failure. Our aim was to estimate the global and regional burden of IHD in 1990 and 2010. Methods and Results Global and regional estimates of acute myocardial infarction incidence and angina and heart failure prevalence by age, sex, and world region in 1990 and 2010 were estimated based on data from a systematic review and nonlinear mixed-effects meta-regression methods. Age-standardized acute myocardial infarction incidence and angina prevalence decreased globally between 1990 and 2010; ischemic heart failure prevalence increased slightly. The global burden of IHD increased by 29 million disability-adjusted life-years (29% increase) between 1990 and 2010. About 32.4% of the growth in global IHD disability-adjusted life-years between 1990 and 2010 was attributable to aging of the world population, 22.1% was attributable to population growth, and total disability-adjusted life-years were attenuated by a 25.3% decrease in per capita IHD burden (decreased rate). The number of people living with nonfatal IHD increased more than the number of IHD deaths since 1990, but >90% of IHD disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 were attributable to IHD deaths. Conclusions Globally, age-standardized acute myocardial infarction incidence and angina prevalence have decreased, and ischemic heart failure prevalence has increased since 1990. Despite decreased age-standardized fatal and nonfatal IHD in most regions since 1990, population growth and aging led to a higher global burden of IHD in 2010.

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“…Due to these high numbers in most western countries [3], intensive research is focused on a better understanding of the ongoing processes. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases also known as coronary artery diseases (CADs) are the most prevalent ones [4] and can be defined as insufficient oxygen delivery to the cardiac muscle due to coronary artery spasm, embolism or vasculitis but most commonly due to atherosclerotic plaques compromising the vessel lumen [5]. If blood flow and therefore oxygen supply in a large coronary artery is cut off, hypoxia at first results in reversible alterations of the myocardium, which turn into a state of irreversible damage after 20-40 minutes resulting in acute myocardial infarction (MI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Be Or Not to Be: the “Smoker’s Paradox” – An in-Vitro Study

Wittmann

Türkcan

Baranyi

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Clinical studies have reported a better outcome of smokers after myocardial infarction compared to non-smokers. The data are controversial, as some clinical studies did not observe this effect. The cell biological processes involved, which might account for a ‘Smoker’s Paradox’, have not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim was to elucidate the effect of cigarette smoke on the viability of cardiomyocytes in the context of hypoxia and reperfusion. Methods: HL-1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and subjected to hypoxia/reperfusion to further evaluate influence of CSE on viability of HL-1 cells using flow cytometry analyses, Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Incubation with CSE led to a concentration-dependent reduction in HL-1 viability. Adding hypoxia as a stressor enhanced cell death. Caspase-independent apoptosis was the observed type of cell death partly induced by P53 and apoptosis-inducing-factor. Yet a significant increase in LDH release in cardiomyocytes incubated with 4%, 8% and 16% CSE suggests necrosis with rapid DNA depletion. Interestingly, after hypoxia a decreased LDH release under lower CSE concentrations was observed. Moreover, a concentration-dependent increase in proliferation and a trend for increased ATP availability under hypoxic conditions was shown. Conclusions: The trend for less LDH release in hypoxia after low-level CSE incubation might represent a switch from necrosis to apoptosis, which in combination with the increase in metabolic activity and ATP availability might account for the ‘Smoker’s Paradox’. These findings could partly explain inconsistent results of previous clinical studies as the data showed strong evidence for the crucial relevance of the amount of cigarettes smoked. We are in need of future studies distinguishing between different types of smokers to finally verify or falsify the ‘Smoker’s Paradox’.

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Assessing the Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease: Part 1: Methods for a Systematic Review of the Global Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease in 1990 and 2010

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Temporal Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in 21 World Regions, 1980 to 2010

Temporal Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in 21 World Regions, 1980 to 2010

The Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease in 1990 and 2010

To Be Or Not to Be: the “Smoker’s Paradox” – An in-Vitro Study

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