Assessing the safety of transarterial locoregional delivery of low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles to the rat liver

Docosahexaenoic acid-loaded nanoparticles: A state-of-the-art of preparation methods, characterization, functionality, and therapeutic applications

“…DHA bound to human serum albumin was purified and stored under nitrogen. Li et al isolated human LDL from apheresis plasma, and non-esterified DHA was incorporated into LDL through reconstitution procedure [ 40 ]. LDL freeze-dried with starch, were subjected to numerous organic extraction circles to eliminate non-polar lipids from LDL.…”

“…Increasing hepatic arterial infusion doses of LDL-DHA was reliable and effectively endured in regular mice [ 40 ]. Histological analysis of treated mice showed slight portal inflammations; nevertheless, since these fluctuations were not dose-dependent this result might reveal hepatic artery infusion practice instead of LDL-DHA infusion.…”

“…DHA can suppress stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression at both transcriptional and mRNA stability levels [ 114 ]. The livers of treated group exhibited lower contents of oleic acid and DHA, which might be attributed to the suppressed activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase [ 40 , 115 ]. Along with enzyme-facilitated oxidation of DHA delivered by LDL, non-enzymatic oxidation could happen.…”

“…This issue should be considered since free radicals attack of the PUFA could stimulate lipids peroxidation, which might had harmful outcomes on the tissues. After hepatic arterial infusion of LDL-DHA, particular DHA obtained aldehydes nor any additional types of lipids aldehydes accrued in the treated rat liver [ 40 ]. Peroxidation of lipids did not raise in the normal liver after LDL-DHA treatment, relatively the entry of LDL supplied DHA was favorably directed via lipoxygenase-protectin biosynthesis mechanism ( Fig.…”

“…DHA delivered to the liver cells through LDL nanoparticles favorably undergoes enzyme-induced oxidation through lipoxygenase reaction instead of free radicals degradation. 15/5-LOX, 15-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase; PLA2, phospholipase A2 [ 40 ]. …”