“…As a result, academic and industrial researchers have proposed various middleware and libraries, such as databases [7,19,31], hash tables [16,17,27], and tree-structured indexes [11,18,33,34]. Although Intel Optane, the first persistent memory product, is no longer in production, vendors have continued to develop technologies such as Storage Class Memory (SCM) and Compute Express Link (CXL) that will reach persistent memory [6].…”