Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes

Evaluation of the quality of life and satisfaction with the therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes — is Medtronic MiniMed 640G system able to improve it? Preliminary insights

“…According to the literature, hypoglycemia is one of the most common acute complications in diabetes treated with insulin and the risk of hypoglycemia can become a psychological obstacle to receiving optimal glycemic control [8]. Severe hypoglycemia is still a huge problem in the group of pediatric patients: rates ranging from 5 to 12% [9].…”

Hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia in 31 330 young patients with type 1 diabetes

“…Previous severe hypoglycemia has been nominated as a risk factor for subsequent hypoglycemia (6,11). These findings emphasize the need for detailed evaluation of every severe hypoglycemic episode and, more importantly, specific diabetes counselling in order to prevent hypoglycemia with ongoing diabetes treatment.…”

“…Severe hypoglycemia was defined as requiring assistance from another person to actively administer carbohydrates, glucagon or i.v. glucose (11). HbA1c values were mathematically standardized to the DCCT reference range 4.05-6.05% using the multipleof-the-mean transformation method (8).…”

“…Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) accounts for 13% (2,3) to 19% (4) of disease-related mortality and occurs at a rate of 1-10/100 patient-years in children and adolescents with established diabetes remaining largely constant within the last decade (1,5,6,7). In contrast, the incidence of severe hypoglycemia has decreased during the past decade and recent reports refer to rates of 16-20/100 patient-years for severe hypoglycemia (defined as requiring assistance from another person) and 2-8/100 patient-years for hypoglycemic coma (loss of consciousness or seizures) (1,7,8,9,10,11), accounting for 4-10% (2, 3, 4, 12) of diseaserelated mortality.…”

A randomized crossover study of the efficacy and safety of switching from insulin glargine to insulin degludec in children with type 1 diabetes

“…The characteristics of patients in Groups A and B are shown in Table 1. glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels that may progress to diabetic vascular complications [2]. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Investigation and Complications (DCCT/ EDIC) studies have shown that suboptimal glycemic control during childhood and adolescence can increase the occurrence and development of diabetic vascular complications [3][4][5].…”